Regulation
	implementing Emergency Ordinance no. 195/2002 regarding traffic on public roads

	CHAPTER I
	General provisions

Art. 1.  - Road users are required to comply with the traffic rules and the meaning of road signalling means, as well as with the other provisions of the Regulation
herein.
Art. 2. - For purposes of this Regulation, the terms and expressions below shall have the meanings specified:
	1.	declivity (downward slope) - deviation of a road from a horizontal line over a uniform length;
	2.	road viability - appropriate technical state of the carriageway, consisting in being permanently usable according to the specific rules applicable to the road
	sector, the absence of obstacles and the existence of road arrangements and of signalling means, to ensure traffic fluency and safety;
	3.	procession - a group of persons moving on the public road accompanying a ceremony;
	4.	organized group  - two or several persons who have a leader and are moving or stopping on public roads based on an authorization issued by the public
	road administrator with the approval of the traffic police;
	5.	retention of the driving licence, registration certificate or replacement proof thereof  - a technical and administrative measure ordered by the traffic
	police consisting in taking the document from the possession of a person and keeping it at the traffic police office until solving the matter which caused levy of
	such measure;
	6.	withdrawal of the driving licence  - a technical and administrative measure ordered by the traffic police based on a forensic certificate whereby the
	titleholder was declared medically unfit, consisting in the retention of the document and prohibition of the right to drive motor vehicles or trams;
	7.	withdrawal of the registration certificate - a technical and administrative measure ordered by the traffic police consisting in the retention of the document
	and prohibition of the right to use the vehicle in question on public roads;
	8.	withdrawal of registration number plates - a technical and administrative measure ordered by the traffic police consisting in dismantling the plates from the
	vehicle and retaining them at the traffic police office until the end of the causes which triggered this measure;
	9.	the head of the traffic police department - the traffic police officer who carries out the duties as head of the traffic police department within a county police
	division or within the Traffic Police Brigade within the General Police Division of Bucharest;
	10. emergency - a case of crisis or of potentially major danger which requires immediate movement to prevent the occurrence of negative impact events, to save
	lives or the integrity of goods or to limit consequences on the environment.
Art. 3. - (1) The public road administrator is required to ensure viability thereof.
(2) For safety of traffic on public roads, the public road administrator must make road arrangements to compel road users to comply with the meaning of road
signalling.
(3) The public road administrator is required to put in place, on entry to and exit out of towns, signs having these meanings.
(4) The owner or administrator of private roads open to public traffic is required to put in place upon entry to such road regulatory signs and additional plates with the
time interval when vehicle and pedestrian access is allowed.
(5) On entry on a road which is not open to public traffic, the owner or administrator thereof is required to put, in a visible place, the sign with the meaning No access
and a plate with the words Road closed to public traffic.
Art. 4. - (1) Road closing or restrictions for vehicle or pedestrian traffic on public roads can occur only to limit busy traffic, to protect certain road sectors or to
execute works, under the terms set forth by law.
(2) In case of road incidents or when road traffic safety is endangered due to natural phenomena, the traffic police or the public road administrator, with the approval
of the traffic police, may order temporary restrictions, informing road users with respect to such prohibition, the duration thereof and the deviation routes.
Art. 5.  - (1) The public road administrator is required to take measures of immediate removal of the causes of road incidents due to the organization, state or
inappropriate technical equipment of such road.
(2) In case of occurrence of road incidents, the public road administrator is required to clean it, to remove the obstacles on the carriageway and to bring the road to
the initial state.
Art. 6. - (1) The routes for regular services of local public transport of passengers, except for taxi transport, are established by the authorities of the local public
administration.
(2) The stops of public transport means for passengers, including the bays for taxi customers, shall be set by the authorities of the local public administration, with the
approval of the traffic police.
(3) The public road administrator is required to put in place shelters for the stops of public transport means for passengers on the roads outside towns.
(4) The public road administrator is required to separate the stops of public transport means for passengers which have no shelters, by applying the marking Bus,
trolley stop.
(5) On road sectors with a high risk of accidents, located on roads wider than 7 m, the public road administrator is required to put in place in the separation area of
lanes, on pedestrian crossings, island platforms for them, which are appropriately signalled.
(6) The stops of public transport means for passengers situated near crossroads are placed at least 50 m before or after the crossroads.
(7) If, while in towns, the routes of public transport means for passengers cross the railroad at the same level stops must be at least 50 m before the crossroads in
both directions.
Art. 7.  - (1) At the intersection of a railroad with a public road, the railroad administrator is required to ensure the same level surface to the level crossing, and
together with the public road administrator, to decide, put in place, with the approval of the traffic police, and maintain the signalling means thereof, as per
competences.
(2) At the railroad level crossing, the administrator of the railroad and of the public road, together with the owners of the neighbouring plots of land, are required to
remove the obstacles and to prohibit the location of plates, boards, installations and constructions which might reduce visibility in the area where the vehicle driver is
required to check traffic.
(3) At the intersection of a public road with an industrial railroad, the administrator and/or user thereof is required to ensure the presence of a railroad officer to stop
vehicle and pedestrian traffic until passing of the railroad vehicle.
(4) If the requirements laid down in par. (2) cannot be provided at the railroad level crossing without barriers, the public road administrator together with the railroad
administrator, with the approval of the traffic police, shall take measures, if applicable:
	a)	to install manual barriers or automatic devices, as per the emergency degree established by such authorities;
	b)	to abolish the crossing by deviating traffic to the adjacent railroad crossing, which has visibility or a manually operated barrier;
	c)	to separate road and railroad flows, by building under- or overground passageways.
Art. 8. - (1) Works in the public road area are executed, as per the terms laid down in the authorization, by the road or railroad administrator, with the approval of
the traffic police.
(2) The company executing works in the public road area is required to make the road arrangements approved by project, in order to allow safe traffic of road users.
(3) When works are executed on the pavement and prevent the use thereof, the company executing the works is required to build pedestrian passageways,
separated from the carriageway and adequately protected.
(4) The company executing works is required, upon completion, to turn the road to the initial state or to that designed in the project.
(5) The administrator of public roads or railroads is required to check and take over the works executed on the public road area only if they comply with the quality
norms provided by law and with the approvals obtained prior to initiation of works.

	CHAPTER II
	Vehicles

	SECTION 1
	Technical state of vehicles and control thereof

Art. 9. - (1) Until registration, vehicles may run on public roads, without a technical inspection, based on a temporary traffic authorization, issued by the competent
authorities, if they comply with the technical norms regarding road traffic safety.
(2) The following are subject to a technical inspection before returning to traffic: motor vehicles, trams or trailers which were subject to repairs further to incidents
which caused serious damages to the steering gear, the braking installation or the resistance structure of the coachwork or chassis.

§ 1. Minimum requirements regarding lighting, light and sound warning signalling to be met by motor vehicles, trams, trailers, tractors used for
agricultural and forest activities and vehicles for the execution of services or works 
Art. 10. - Motor vehicles, tractors used for agricultural and forest activities and vehicles for the execution of services or works, trams and trailers must be equipped,
by design, with lighting installations, light and sound warning signals, all certified, which comply with the technical conditions set forth by the competent authorities.
Art. 11. - Motor vehicles intended solely for the transport of children must have on the coachwork, both at the front and at the rear, the sign Children!.
Art. 12. - Motor vehicles which exceed the weight and/or size must be equipped with the following additional signalling devices:
	a)	a fluorescent-reflective identification tag, with a white background and a red border, placed on the left front part;
	b)	fluorescent-reflective markings applied on the rear part of the motor vehicle or cargo, as close as possible to the lateral sides made of alternating red
	and white strips, descending to the outside, if motor vehicles are wider than 2.5 m;
	c)	one or several yellow special light warning devices, placed so that their light is visible from the front, from the back and from both lateral sides, as well
	as yellow-light fluorescent-reflective devices placed on the lateral sides 1.5 m from one another;
	d)	lights on the lateral sides  of the cargo or of the vehicle which exceeds the width of 2.5 m, which must run simultaneously with the position lights, as
	well as a fluorescent-reflective device.
Art. 13. - It is prohibited to attach to a motor vehicle, a tractor used for agricultural and forest activities and the vehicle for execution of services or works, tram or
trailer lights having a different colour or intensity, other warning lights, devices or accessories than those certified.

§ 2. Minimum technical requirements for bicycles, mopeds, animal-driven vehicles and hand-pulled or -pushed vehicles 
Art. 14. - On public roads a bicycle should:
	a)	have an effective braking device;
	b)	have an adequate and operating steering gear;
	c)	be equipped with a sound warning system; sound warning systems specific to motor vehicles are prohibited for equipment and use;
	d)	be equipped at the front with a white or yellow light, and at the rear with a red light and at least a visible fluorescent-reflective device of the same
	colour;
	e)	be equipped with elements or devices which, when moving, form a continuous circle, orange fluorescent-reflective fixed on the spokes of wheels.
Art. 15. - The trailer attached to a bicycle must be equipped, at the rear part, with a red light fluorescent-reflective device, and if the rear light of the bicycle is
blocked by the trailer, the latter must also have a red light.
Art. 16. - (1) When on public roads a moped must be equipped with:
	a)	an effective braking device;
	b)	a sound warning system;
	c)	an exhaust system in compliance with the rules of noise pollution and environment protection;
	d)	a white light at the front, and a red fluorescent-reflective light and device at the rear;
	e)	yellow lights to signal change of direction, at the front and at the rear;
	f)	the registration number plate, at the rear part of the moped without blocking the visibility of the lighting and signalling system.
(2) It is prohibited to attach to mopeds lights of a different colour or intensity, of warning lights, devices or accessories other than those certified.
Art. 17. - (1) Animal-driven vehicles must have at the front two white fluorescent-reflective devices, and at the back two red fluorescent-reflective devices, certified,
placed as close to the exterior margins of the vehicle as possible.
(2) Registration number plates are placed where they can be always seen, one on the left and one at the rear part of the vehicle.
(3) In case of torrential rain or snow or of thick fog or of other weather conditions which reduce visibility, as well as during night-time, animal-driven vehicles must
have in addition, on the left lateral side, at least a white or yellow light, situated higher than the wheels.
(4) The signalling means referred to in par. (1) and the device ensuring the white or yellow light according to par. (3) must be kept clean and intact, and their visibility
must not be blocked by the construction elements of the vehicle or of the cargo.
(5) The driver of animal-pulled vehicles must apply on the harness of the pulling animal reflective materials so that it can be easily noticed by the other road users.
Art. 18. - Vehicles which are hand-pulled or pushed must have, at the front and at the rear, a white, respectively red certified fluorescent-reflective device.

	Section 2
	Registration of vehicles

§ 1. Registration of vehicles 
Art. 19. - The authorities competent for the registration and cross-off of motor vehicles and trailers are the public community services for driving licences and
registration of vehicles, under the coordination of the Division responsible for driving licences and registration of vehicles.
Art. 20. - (1) Upon registration, the motor vehicle or the trailer is assigned a registration number plate and the registration certificate is issued.
(2) The registration number plates must have a white reflective background and tactile engraved letters and digits, which are black, blue or red.
(3) The registration certificate shall contain the assigned registration number, and the identification number of the motor vehicle or of the trailer.
Art. 21. - (1) The following cannot be certified in order to be allowed to run on public roads: the motor vehicle, the tram, the trailer or the moped which cannot be
identified due the absence, deterioration or destruction of the identification elements punched or stamped by the builder, as well as the motor vehicle or trailer
assembled of parts which cannot be identified or in whose respect the identity of one or several successive owners or holders cannot be established. The motor
vehicle and trailer where the police can establish their legal origin are exempt from this rule.
(2) Motor vehicles and trailers reported stolen in Romania or abroad and under investigation by the General Division of the Romanian Police shall not be registered.
(3) The following shall be exempt from the provisions of par. (2): motor vehicles and trailers for which the criminal proceedings bodies issued an order allowing
registration until the end of the investigation, in which case the registration certificate and the identity card of the vehicle bears the note Motor vehicle reported stolen
from (country) on ....... .
(4) Vehicles referred to in par. (3) are allowed to be used only on Romanian territory.
Art. 22. - Upon registration, vehicles are assigned plates with a single registration number which must have:
	a)	a yellow reflective background, and tactile engraved black letters and digits, for vehicles registered with the local councils;
	b)	a white reflective background, and tactile engraved black letters and digits, for motor vehicles registered with the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of
	Administration and Interior or, if applicable, with the Romanian Intelligence Service.

§ 2. Registration, temporary and trial numbers of motor vehicles or trams 
Art. 23. - (1) Upon registration, each motor vehicle and trailer is assigned a registration number made of the code of the county or of Bucharest, the serial number,
made up of Arab numbers and a combination of three letters in Latin capitals.
(2) Registration numbers of motor vehicles and trailers belonging to diplomatic missions, consular offices and members thereof, as well as of other organisations and
foreign nationals under a diplomatic status, who carry out activity in Romania, are made of the prefix CD, CO or TC, if applicable, and of the serial number.
(3) In case of the temporary registration number, the code of the county or of Bucharest and the serial number are accompanied by the month and year when the
validity of registration expires.
(4) On the temporary authorisation for use in traffic of the motor vehicle or trailer, the authorities assign a number composed of the code of the county or of
Bucharest and the serial number.
(5) Upon registration for trial of the motor vehicle or trailer, the authorities assign a number composed of the code of the county or of Bucharest, the serial number
and the note ON TRIAL.
(6) Upon registration, or authorization for use in traffic, the authorities also give out the plates with the assigned number.
Art. 24. - (1) Registration numbers are assigned chronologically, in an ascending order.
(2) Upon registration, the owner of the vehicle may request, against the payment of the applicable fees, the assignment of a preferred combination of the registration
number.
(3) The following cannot be assigned: letter combinations which can have an obscene meaning or which may be associated with the name of public authorities, if the
latter request in writing to the issuing authority to restrict the assignment of certain combinations of the registration number. Persons already holding vehicles which are
registered under numbers which are subsequently restricted may continue to use the numbers in question, but only until alienation of the vehicle.
(4) Upon the transfer of the ownership right over a vehicle, the registration number and the related plates are automatically transferred without consideration to the
new owner, provided that the latter is domiciled or headquartered in the same county as the former owner and that the former owner did not opt to keep the
combination of that registration number. The new owner may request the assignment of a preferred combination of the registration number, against payment of the
fees in force.
Art. 25. - (1) The registration number of vehicles registered with the local councils is made of the name of the town and the abbreviation of the county, in Latin
capitals, as well as of a serial number, made of Arab numbers.
(2) The registration number of motor vehicles registered with the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Administration and Interior and, if applicable, with the
Romanian Intelligence Service are composed of the abbreviation of the institution, in Latin capitals, as well as of a serial number, made of Arab numbers.
Art. 26. - (1) The owner or legal holder must fix the registration number plates in the places having this destination, at the front and at the back of the motor vehicle
or tram, if applicable, whereas in case of motorcycles and trailers, only at the rear part.
(2) Vehicles which do not have the registration number plates in the places established in this respect are prohibited to run on public roads.

	Section 3
	Obligations of vehicle owners or holders

Art. 27. - (1) The owner of motor vehicles or trailers, having the domicile, headquarters or residence in Romania, has the following obligations:
	a)	to report to the issuing authority the loss, theft or destruction of the registration certificate, no later than 48 hours as of when it was found;
	b)	to immediately submit to the issuing authority the original copy of the registration certificate, if, after obtaining the duplicate, regained possession
	thereof.
(2) Legal entities holding vehicles also have the following obligations in addition to those referred to in par. (1):
	a)	to check the technical state of vehicles, to make notes on this in the log book or assignment order and not to allow use in traffic of those which do not
	meet the technical requirements;
	b)	to issue a log book or assignment order for vehicles which are used;
	c)	not to allow vehicles to be driven by persons who do not have an appropriate driving licence or professional certification;
	d)	not to allow drivers of vehicles to drive under the influence of alcohol, of narcotic substances or products or of medicine with similar effects or under
	an advanced state of fatigue;
	e)	to take into consideration the comments made by police officers or drivers of vehicles in the log book;
	f)	to immediately notify the police of any accident involving drivers of own vehicles who do not possess findings documents thereof;
	g)	to check compliance with the time for pause and rest, and the legal speed limit by reading the devices measuring rest time and speed;
	h)	to check the existence of the special transport authorization and the compliance with the terms laid down therein.
Art. 28. - (1) Vehicle holders may place on them anti-theft sound systems.
(2) The duration of the signal issued by the system under par. (1) must not be longer than a minute, and its volume must not exceed the noise threshold provided by
the legal provisions in force.
(3) It is prohibited to place on vehicles an anti-theft sound systems which goes on immediately after being passed by another vehicle.

	CHAPTER III
	Driving licence

Art. 29. - (1) As of Romania's accession to the European Union, to be enrolled with an authorized unit to attend the theoretical and practical training in order to
obtain the driving licence, the applicant must prove that he is psychologically fit.
(2) Before attending the practical driving lessons of a vehicle on public roads, the applicant must account for theoretical training, in an authorized unit, in order to
obtain the driving licence.
(3) The practical training of the person referred to in par. (2), in order to obtain a driving licence valid for any of the categories A, B, BE and subcategories A1 and
B1, may also be performed by a driving instructor certified under the law, who concluded a contract with the authorized unit where the applicant attended the
theoretical training.
(4) The persons who do not have yet the minimum age required by this regulation for the category or subcategory of the vehicle in question may also attend the
practical driving lessons on public roads but not more than 3 months before their birthday.
Art. 30. - Driving licences are issued for one or several of the following categories and subcategories of vehicles:
	a)	A CATEGORY: motorcycle with or without a sidecar;
	b)	B CATEGORY:
	1.	the motor vehicle whose total maximum authorized weight does not exceed 3,500 kg and whose number of seats, except for the driver's seat, does
	not exceed 8;
	2.	the combination made up of a pulling motor vehicle of the B category and of a trailer whose total maximum authorized weight does not exceed 750
	kg;
	3.	the vehicle combination whose total maximum authorized weight does not exceed 3,500 kg, made up of a pulling motor vehicle of the B category and
	of a trailer, whose total maximum authorized weight does not exceed the individual weight of the pulling motor vehicle;
	c)	B CATEGORY: the combination made up of a pulling motor vehicle of the B category and of a trailer whose total maximum authorized weight
	exceeds 750 kg, and the total maximum authorized weight of the entire combination exceeds 3,500 kg;
	d)	C CATEGORY:
	1. the motor vehicle, other than that of the D category, whose total maximum authorized weight exceeds 3,500 kg;
	2. the combination made up of a motor vehicle of the C category and of a trailer whose total maximum authorized weight does not exceed 750 kg;
	e)	C CATEGORY: the vehicle combination consisting in a pulling motor vehicle of the C category and of a trailer whose total maximum authorized
	weight exceeds 750 kg;
	f)	D CATEGORY: the motor vehicle intended for passenger transport having more than 8 seats, except for the driver's seat. The motor vehicle of this
	category can be followed by a trailer whose total maximum authorized weight does not exceed 750 kg;
	g)	D CATEGORY: the vehicle combination consisting in a pulling motor vehicle of the D category and of a trailer whose total maximum authorized
	weight exceeds 750 kg. The trailer must not be intended for passenger transport;
	h)	Tr CATEGORY: tractor, self-propelled machines and equipment used in agricultural, forest activities or for works
	i)	Tb CATEGORY: trolley bus;
	j)	Tv CATEGORY: tram;

	k)	A1 SUBCATEGORY: motorcycle whose capacity does not exceed 125 cm3 and whose power does not exceed 11 kW;

	l)	B1 SUBCATEGORY: the motor vehicle with three or four wheels and an individual weight of over 400 kg, but not more than 550 kg, and equipped

	with an internal combustion engine with a cylinder capacity which exceeds 45 cm3 or with any other engine equivalent in terms of power or having the

	speed by design higher than 50 km/h;

	m)  C1 SUBCATEGORY: the motor vehicle, other than that in the D category, whose total maximum authorized weight exceeds 3,500 kg, but not more

	than 7,500 kg. The motor vehicle of this category can be followed by a trailer whose total maximum authorized weight does not exceed 750 kg;

	n)	C1E SUBCATEGORY: the vehicle combination consisting in a pulling motor vehicle of the C1 subcategory and of a trailer whose total maximum

	authorized weight exceeds 750 kg, provided that the total maximum authorized weight of the combination does not exceed 12,000 kg, and the total

	maximum authorized weight of the trailer does not exceed the individual weight of the pulling motor vehicle;

	o)	D1 SUBCATEGORY:

	1. the motor vehicle intended for passenger transport having at least 9 places on seats, but not more than 16, except for the driver's seat;

	2. the vehicle combination made up of a pulling motor vehicle din D1 subcategory and of a trailer whose total maximum authorized weight does not

	exceed 750 kg;

	p)	D1 SUBCATEGORY: the vehicle combination consisting in a pulling motor vehicle of the D1 subcategory and of a trailer whose total maximum

	authorized weight exceeds 750 kg, provided that the total maximum authorized weight of the combination does not exceed 12,000 kg, and the total

	maximum authorized weight of the trailer does not exceed the individual weight of the pulling motor vehicle. The trailer must not be intended for

	passenger transport.

Art. 31. - The routes which can be used to learn how to drive a motor vehicle or tram or, if applicable, to take the driving licence exam, shall be established by the

traffic police.

Art. 32. - (1) The competent authorities examining the persons in order to obtain the driving licence are the public community services - the department of driving

licences and registration of vehicles within the region where candidates have the domicile or residence.

(2) Members of diplomatic missions, consular offices and international representative office accredited in Romania may sit the driving licence exam as per the terms

set forth in the protocol by the Ministry of Administration and Interior and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

(3) Examination for the theoretical and practical tests in order to obtain the driving licence may also take place in other towns than the capital city of the county where

candidates have the domicile or residence, based on order of the head of the administrative and territorial region in question.

Art. 33. - (1) The person requesting the driving licence examination must meet the following requirements:

	a)	to be aged at least 16, for subcategories A1 and B1;

	b)	to be aged at least 18, for categories A, B, BE, C1, C1E and Tr;

	c)	to be aged at least 21, for categories C, CE, D, DE, Tb and Tv, as well as for subcategories D1 and D1E;

	d)	to be medically fit to drive motor vehicles of the categories and subcategories for which they request examination;

	e)	not to have been convicted by final and binding court order for a criminal offence to the regime of traffic on public roads or of murder, hitting or death

	injury, serious bodily injury, robbery or theft of a motor vehicle;

	f)	to prove that it observes the conditions laid down in art. 116 of Emergency Ordinance no. 195/2002, republished, as amended and completed, to sit

	the exam in order to obtain a new driving licence, in case of conviction by a final court order for one of the criminal offences referred to in let. e);

	g)	to be psychologically fit to drive motor vehicles or trams on public roads.

(2) The condition laid down in let. g) par. (1) is in force until Romania's accession to the European Union.

Art. 34. - (1) To be scheduled for the driving licence exam, the personal file of the applicant must contain the following documents:

	a)	the standard application signed by the applicant;

	b)	the driving school records also including the doctor's endorsement "fit to drive vehicles" of the category or subcategory for which the examination is

	requested. The school records are kept by the authorized unit where the candidate attended training;

	c)	the criminal record certificate;

	d)	the copy of the identity papers;

	e)	the receipts attesting the payment of fees related to obtaining the driving licence.

(2) Candidates are first scheduled for the driving licence exam by the authorized units where they attended the theoretical and practical training.

(3) Apart from the documents referred to in par. (1), the titleholder of a driving licence applying for new categories or subcategories must add a copy of the driving

licence to the examination file.

(4) The Romanian nationals domiciled abroad requesting a driving licence must include in the examination file, in addition to the documents referred to in par. (1), a

statement authenticated by the notary public whereof to result that they have no other driving licence issued by a foreign authority, that they were not suspended or

cancelled the right to drive, as well as documents attesting that they own or rent a house in Romania.

Art. 35. - (1) The driving licence exam consists in:

	a)	the theoretical test, of the knowledge of traffic rules, of the basic mechanics concepts and of first aid measures. The theoretical test examination may

	also take place according to the law in the language of a national minority or in an international language, as per the request of the examinee;

	b)	the driving test of the motor vehicle on a route, corresponding to the request licence category, except for A category and A1 subcategory, in which

	case driving skills are tested only in specially arranged testing areas.

(2) Persons with physical disabilities may sit the driving licence exam for categories A and/or B if the motor vehicle used for examination is adjusted to his disability.

(3) Candidates requesting the driving licence for several categories or subcategories may be examined on different days, separately for each category or subcategory.

Art. 36. - (1) The results of the theoretical and practical tests are expressed by the rating admitted or rejected.

(2) The person declared admitted to the theoretical test, but who cannot sit the driving test of the vehicle on the road not later than a year as of taking the driving

classes is declared rejected, following to attend a new training session.

(3) The person declared rejected may book an appointment for another exam after at least 15 days as of the date when he was declared rejected, but not later than

a year as of taking the driving classes, otherwise such person shall attend a new training session.

Art. 37. - Driving licences are issued by the public community services - department of driving licences and registration of vehicles where candidates took the exam,

according to art. 32.

Art. 38. - (1) The holder of the driving licence for the A category is entitled to drive a motorcycle whose power exceeds 25 kW or whose power/weight ratio

exceeds 0.16 kW/kg or a sidecar motorcycle whose power/weight ratio exceeds 0.16 kW/kg, only if it holds at least two years of experience on a motorcycle with

inferior technical specification or if the person is aged 21 and passes a specific test of knowledge and behaviour.

(2) The holder of a driving licence valid only for the Tr category is also entitled to drive a combination of vehicles made up of a tractor and one or two trailers.

(3) The holder of the driving licence valid for one of the categories B, C or CE may also drive vehicles of the Tr category.

(4) The holder of a driving licence valid for categories D or DE is also entitled to drive vehicles of the category Tb - trolley.

Art. 39. - (1) The person requesting examination in order to obtain the driving licence valid for categories C or D or subcategories C1 or D1 must have previously

obtained the right to drive motor vehicles of the B category or, if applicable, have been declared admitted to the exam for the B category driving licence.

(2) The person requesting examination in order to obtain the driving licence for categories BE, CE, DE or subcategories C1E or D1E must have previously obtained

the right to drive motor vehicles of the categories B, C, D or subcategories C1 or D1, or, if applicable, have been declared admitted to the driving licence exam for

categories B, C, D or subcategories C1 or D1.

Art. 40. - (1) Driving licences valid for a category also grant the right to drive motor vehicles of the related subcategory.

(2) Driving licences valid for categories CE or DE are also valid to drive the combination of vehicles in the B category, if the titleholder thereof also has a B category

licence.

(3) Driving licences valid for the C category are also valid for the D category, if the titleholder thereof also has a D category licence.

(4) Driving licences valid for C1 subcategory are also valid for the D1 subcategory, if the titleholder is aged at least 21.

(5) Driving licences for subcategories D1 or D1E are also valid to drive vehicles in the subcategories C1, respectively C1E.

Art. 41. - (1) Motor vehicles intended for driving lessons, except for motorcycles, shall be equipped with double commands for the brakes and coupling gear.

(2) Motor vehicles referred to in par. (1) shall be equipped with a box bearing the sign Driving School, having the size and features provided in the normative acts in

force. Buses, trolleys and trams shall be exempt from this provision having the sign Driving School applied on the lateral sides, at the front and at the rear.

Art. 42. - Driving licences issued by a foreign authority shall be changed, under the law, by the public community services - the department of driving licences and

registration of vehicles within the institution of the head of the administrative and territorial region where the titleholder has the domicile or, in case of foreign nationals

and Romanian nationals domiciled abroad, the residence.

Art. 43. - The titleholder of the driving licence must report the loss, theft or destruction of this document to the issuing authorities, no later than 48 hours as of

ascertainment, and must request the issue of a new driving licence.

Art. 44. - (1) A new driving licence is issued, according to the law, based on the following documents:

	a)	the file of the driving licence holder;

	b)	the original counterpart and the copy of the identity papers;

	c)	the proof of payment of the countervalue of the driving licence and of the issue fee of this document;

	d)	the driving licence requested to be changed, in original, if it exists;

	e)	the standard medical chart showing that he is fit to drive motor vehicles or trams, if the request for change was made after expiry of the administrative

	validity of the driving licence.

(2) In addition to the documents referred to in par. (1), the applicant must produce, in case of the change of name, the document attesting this, in original and copy.

(3) In case of Romanian nationals domiciled in Romania and who are abroad on a temporary basis, a new driving licence may be issued via another person, based on

special power of attorney, notarized by the diplomatic missions and consular offices of Romania or, if given before the foreign authorities, to comply with the

legalization requirements provided by law or to bear the stamp as per the Convention abolishing the requirement of legalisation for foreign public documents,

done at the Hague on 5 October 1961, to which Romania adhered by Government Ordinance no. 66/1999, approved by Law no. 52/2000, as amended.

The proxy shall produce the documents referred to in par. (1), under the following terms:

	a)	the file of the driving licence holder must be signed by the titleholder of the driving licence before a diplomatic agent;

	b)	the document attesting the state of health and two recent photos of the titleholder, whereof one applied on the special power of attorney issued to the

	proxy, and the second on the file of the driving licence holder, must be stamped by the diplomatic mission;

	c)	own liability statement of the titleholder, before the diplomatic agent, showing that he holds no other national driving licence except for that submitted

	to be changed.

Art. 45. - The driving licence of the deceased driver shall be handed over by the person holding it, no later than 30 days, to the issuing authorities.

	CHAPTER IV

	Road signalling

Art. 46. - (1) The meaning, as well as the size of road signalling means, the form, symbol, colour and conditions of execution, location, installations and application

thereof shall be established in compliance with the relevant standards.

(2) Road signalling in tunnels or on viaducts shall be ensured, performed and maintained by their administrator.

	SECTION 1

	Light signals

§ 1. Light signals for controlling vehicle traffic

Art. 47. - (1) Light signals are white or different colour lights, emitted successively, continuously or intermittently, by one or several lighting devices which make up

the traffic lights.

(2) According to the number of lighting devices, traffic lights are:

	a)	with one lighting device, with a flashing warning light;

	b)	with two lighting devices, for pedestrians and cyclists;

	c)	with three lighting devices, for vehicles;

	d)	with four or more lighting devices, for trams.

(3) Traffic lights are placed on the vertical centre line of the pole or on the console, on the portal or suspended on cables, the succession of the colours, from the top

down, is as follows:

	a)	at the traffic lights with three colours the sequence of signals is: red, yellow, green;

	b)	at the traffic lights with two colours the sequence of signals is: red, green;

	c)	at the traffic lights for trams there are three on the horizontal at the upper part and one at the bottom, all in white light.

Art. 48. - (1) Traffic lights emitting light signals for traffic control in crossroads shall be placed before the crossroads, so that they are visible from at least 50 m in

advance. They can be repeated in the middle, above or on the other side of the crossroads.

(2) The meaning of light signals for vehicle traffic control is valid for the entire width of the carriageway opened to the traffic of drivers for which the signals are

placed. On roads having two or more lanes per direction, for different directions, separated by longitudinal markings, traffic lights may be placed above one or some

of the lanes, in which case the meaning of light signals is limited to the lane or lanes thus signalled.

Art. 49. - The red or green lamps of traffic lights may have black arrows indicating the corresponding direction. In this case, the interdiction or permission to drive

imposed by the light signal is limited to the direction or directions indicated by these arrows. The same meaning applies to the arrows on the additional plates

accompanying traffic lights at the bottom. The arrow for driving ahead is pointed upwards.

Art. 50. - (1) Traffic lights for trams are box-shaped with four white lighting devices, whereof three are positioned horizontally and one below the middle device,

accompanied by plates with additional signs.

(2) The signal of free way for trams is given by the light combination of the bottom light with one of the three lamps situated on the upper part to indicate direction.

(3) The signal to prohibit the passing of the tram is given by the simultaneous lighting of the three lights on the upper part of the box.

Art. 51. - (1) The green-light signal allows passing/driving.

(2) When the traffic lights are accompanied by one or several lamps which emit a flashing green light in the form of one or more arrows against a black background to

the right, they allow driving only in the indicated direction, regardless of the traffic lights signal which is on at that time.

Art. 52. - (1) The red-light signal prohibits driving.

(2) On the red-light signal, the vehicle must stop before the stop marking or, if applicable, for pedestrian crossing, and in its absence, in front of the traffic lights. If the

traffic lights are above or after the intersection, in the absence of the stop marking or of the pedestrian crossing marking, the vehicle must stop before the edge of the

carriageway of the road to be intersected.

(3) When the red-light signal is on simultaneously with the yellow light signal, this announces the occurrence of the green-light signal.

Art. 53. - (1) When the yellow-light signal occurs after the green-light signal, the driver of the vehicle approaching intersection must not drive by the places referred

to in art. 52 par. (2), except for the case when, upon occurrence of the signal, he is so close to those places that he will not be able to stop the vehicle safely.

(2) The flashing yellow-light signal allows passing, the vehicle driver being required to go at reduced speed, to observe the meaning of road signalling and traffic rules

applicable there.

Art. 54. - In intersections, the traffic of trams may also be controlled by traffic lights having white light signals, correlated with the light signals for the traffic control of

the other vehicles.

Art. 55. - The light signal intended solely to control bicycle traffic has on it the image of a red or green bicycle against a black background. The same destination

applies to the light signal of the traffic lights accompanied by an additional plate with a bicycle on it.

Art. 56. - (1) Devices emitting red and green signals situated above the lanes are intended to signal reversible lanes. The red signal, in the form of two crossed

vertical lines, prohibits access of vehicles on the lane where it is placed, and the green signal, in the form of an arrow pointing downwards, allows entry of vehicles

and traffic on that lane.

(2) Intermediate light signals in the form of one or several yellow or white arrows pointing downwards to the right or to the left announce the change of the green

signal, in case of reversible lanes, or that the lane above which they are placed is to be closed for traffic of drivers who are required to drive on the lane or lanes

indicated by the arrows.

Art. 57. - The driver of the vehicle entering an intersection on the green colour of the traffic lights is required to also observe the meaning of signs placed inside the

intersection.

§ 2. Light signals for pedestrians 

Art. 58. - (1) Light signals for pedestrians are green and red. They work in correlation with the signals for vehicle traffic control.

(2) The green-light signal may have inside a pedestrian walking and the red signal the image of a pedestrian standing.

(3) Light signals for pedestrians may be accompanied by sound signals to ensure road crossing by the blind.

(4) On road sectors where traffic allows it, the public road administrator, with police approval, may place in the area of the pedestrian crossing marking traffic lights

or special buttons to be pressed for the green phase, which can be done directly by pedestrians.

Art. 59. - (1) The green-light signal allows passing.

(2) When the green-light signal starts to flash, this means that the time for road crossing is lapsing and that the red signal is to come. In this case, the pedestrians

crossing the road must hurry, and if the road has a platform or an area prohibited to vehicle traffic, must wait there until the green-light signal.

Art. 60. - The intermittent green-light and the red-light signal prohibit pedestrians to cross on the carriageway.

§ 3. Other light signals 

Art. 61. - In case of correlated traffic lights, timing devices of the time for a colour phase, as well as lighting devices showing road users the time set by the traffic

lights schedule and the speed for drivers of motor vehicles, may be put in place along a path.

Art. 62. - The warning traffic lights are placed upon exit from a junction and are made of a lighting device having a flashing yellow light. It can have in the middle a

yellow pedestrian walking against a black background.

Art. 63. - To signal and control traffic on road sectors where works are executed on the carriageway, except for highways, mobile traffic lights may be put in place

temporarily, under the obligation to pre-signal them.

	Section 2

	Signs

Art. 64. - Signs on public roads are:

	a)	warning signs;

	b)	regulatory signs may be:

	1. priority signs;

	2. prohibitive or restrictive signs;

	3. compelling signs;

	c)	orientation and information signs may be:

	1. orientation signs;

	2. information signs;

	3. tourist information signs;

	4. additional plates;

	5. kilometre and hectometre signs;

	d)	signalling means of works which include:

	1. temporary road signs;

	2. auxiliary signalling means of works.

Art. 65. - (1) As a rule, signs are placed on the right side of the driving direction. Where local conditions prevent timely noticing of signs by drivers, they can be put

in place or repeated on the left side, in the middle area of the road, on a platform or area prohibited to vehicle traffic, above the carriageway or on the other side of

the intersection, somewhere visible for all road users.

(2) Signs may be accompanied by plates with additional signs containing inscriptions or symbols which add specifications, completions to their meaning or which limit

it.

(3) Additional signs may be applied on plates including signs or even on signs, if their understanding is not affected.

(4) To be visible at night as well, road signs must be reflective, lighted or enlightened.

(5) In hazardous spots, to increase visibility of and emphasise the meaning of some signs, they can be grouped on a banner with a high reflexion fluorescent-

retroreflective sheet. These signs may be accompanied, if applicable, by lighting devices.

Art. 66. - (1) The meaning of a sign is valid on the entire width of the carriageway open to drivers' traffic.

(2) When the sign is placed above the lane or lanes, the meaning is valid only for the lane or lanes thus signalled.

(3) The meaning of the warning sign begins as of where it is located. In case of signs warning hazardous sectors, the action area of signs is regulated by additional

plates.

(4) Warning signs are placed before the hazardous spot not more than 50 m away in towns, in between 100 m and 250 m outside towns, respectively in between

500 m and 1,000 m on highways and express roadways. When land conditions require a larger distance, an additional plate Distance between the sign and the

beginning of the hazardous spot is placed below the sign.

(5) On highways and express roadways, it is mandatory to place an additional plate Distance between the sign and the beginning of the hazardous spot below

the sign in all cases. Where the length of the hazardous sector exceeds 1,000 m, the additional plate Length of the hazardous sector to which the sign refers is

placed below the sign.

(6) The meaning of prohibitive or restrictive signs begins as of their location. In the absence of signalling specifying the length of the sector where the regulation applies

or of some signs announcing the end of the prohibition or restriction, the meaning of these signs ends at the closest junction. When prohibitive or restrictive signs are

placed together with the sign announcing entry to town, their meaning is valid on that road until meeting the sign Exit from town, except for the places where other

signs read otherwise.

Art. 67. - Temporary road signs corresponding to warning signs, prohibitive or restrictive signs or orientation signs have the same features as permanent signs, the

only difference is that the white background is replaced by the yellow background.

	Section 3

	Signalling of railroad level crossings

Art. 68. - Approaching a railroad level crossing shall be signalled via appropriate warning signs and/or additional plates for railroad level crossing.

Art. 69. - (1) Current railroad level crossings without barriers or semi-barriers shall be signalled, if applicable, with the signs Simple railroad level crossing,

without barriers or Double railroad level crossing, without barriers, accompanied by the sign Stop.

(2) At current railroad level crossings with automatic signalling installations without barriers, prohibition of road traffic is carried out, optically, by using the devices

with red flashing-alternative lights and the turn-off of the control signalling consisting in the white intermittent light and, acoustically, by intermittent sound signals.

Art. 70. - (1) Current railroad level crossings may be signalled by automatic lighting systems with semi-barriers.

(2) Current railroad level crossings may also have hand-operated barriers.

(3) Barriers and semi-barriers are marked with red and white alternating strips and may have a red disk in the middle. Strips must be reflective, and on roads without

lights, at night time, barriers and semi-barriers must be lighted or have a red light device.

(4) At the railroad level crossing with automatic signalling installations with barriers, prohibition of road traffic is signalled as per the terms referred to in art. 69 par.

(2), as well as by the horizontal positioning of semi-barriers.

Art. 71. - (1) Prohibition signalling of road traffic is deemed realized even under only one of these circumstances:

	a)	by turning on a single light unit of the device with the red intermittent-alternative light;

	b)	by using the sound system;

	c)	by the horizontal position of one semi-barrier.

(2) Road traffic is also deemed prohibited when barriers or semi-barriers are going up or down.

Art. 72.  - In the area of railroad level crossings, the operation of installations signalling the train approach, without barriers, of installations signalling the train

approach, with semi-barriers, or of mechanical barriers, as well as the signs Stop, Simple/double railroad level crossing, without barriers, Simple/double

railroad level crossing, without barriers, with an automatic light signal installation, are ensured by the railroad administrator, and the set signalling the

approach of the railroad is ensured by the road administrator.

Art. 73. - (1) The sign Other hazards, accompanied by an additional plate with the image of an engine, shall be placed at the level crossing with an industrial

railroad.

(2) When a railroad vehicle is on the industrial railroad, traffic must be controlled by a railroad agent.

Art. 74. - Size gates before an electric level crossing, intended to prohibit access of vehicles whose load exceeds in height the safety limit admitted, are marked with

yellow and black alternating strips. The support poles of size gates have road signs whereby specifying the maximum height admitted.

	Section 4

	Markings

Art. 75. - (1) Markings serve to organize traffic, to warn or guide road users. They can be used separately or together with other road signalling means whose

meaning they complete or specify.

(2) Markings shall be applied on the surface of the carriageway of modernized roads, on kerbs, works of art, on road accessories, as well as on other elements and

constructions in the road area. Markings applied on public roads must be reflective or accompanied by reflective devices which must keep their reflexion properties

during rain or fog.

(3) Markings should in no way obstruct traffic, and their surface must not be slippery. Markings on the carriageway are executed with glass micro-balls and may be

accompanied by buttons with retroreflective elements.

Art. 76. - Markings applied on public roads are:

	a)	longitudinal, which may be:

	1. to separate directions;

	2. to separate lanes in the same direction;

	b)	to separate the carriageway;

	c)	transverse, which may be:

	1. stop;

	2. give way;

	3. pedestrian crossing;

	4. cyclist crossing;

	d)	for various purposes, which may be:

	1. for guidance;

	2. for prohibited areas;

	3. for prohibiting waiting;

	4. for bus, trolley and taxi stops;

	5. for parking lots;

	6. arrows or inscriptions;

	e)	lateral applied on:

	1. works of art (bridges, uneven passageways, support walls);

	2. parapets;

	3. poles and trees on the road platform;

	4. kerbs.

Art. 77. - (1) The public road administrator is required to apply continuous or broken line markings, if applicable, both to separate directions and lanes and to

separate the carriageway.

(2) Longitudinal markings made of a simple or double continuous line prohibit crossing thereof.

(3) Markings made of a continuous line applied on the kerb of the pavement or at the edge of the carriageway prohibits waiting by vehicles on that side of the road.

When such line accompanies a sign prohibiting waiting, the sign shall state the length of the road sector where the prohibition is valid.

(4) Longitudinal markings made of a continuous line separating the lane where they are applied and a marking referring to a certain category or to certain categories

of vehicles means that the lane is for that particular or category or for those categories of vehicles.

Art. 78. - Longitudinal markings made of a simple or double broken line allow crossing over, if the manoeuvre or regulations in place require so.

Art. 79. - (1) Broken line markings may be simple or double and are used as follows:

	a)	a simple broken line marking:

	1. to separate directions, on roads with two lanes and traffic both ways;

	2. to separate lanes in the same direction, on roads with at least two lanes per direction;

	3. to mark the change from a broken line to a continuous line. In towns, this marking is not mandatory;

	4. to separate, on highways, acceleration or deceleration lanes from current lanes;

	5. for markings of guidance in junctions;

	b)	a double broken line marking, to separate reversible lanes. On such lanes, the marking is accompanied by the special lighting devices referred to in

	art. 56.

(2) The continuous line is used in the following cases:

	a)	the simple continuous line, to separate directions, lanes in the same direction when approaching a junction and in hazardous spots;

	b)	the double continuous line, to separate directions having at least two lanes per each directions, as well as on road with one lane per direction or in

	other cases established by the administrator of the road in question, with the approval of the traffic police.

(3) In case of the longitudinal marking made up of a continuous line and of a broken line together, the vehicle driver must comply with the meaning of the line which is

closest to the driving direction.

(4) On roads with traffic both ways having one lane per direction, the marking to separate directions is executed by a continuous line along the distance between the

warning sign Children, related to the two directions.

Art. 80. - (1) Markings to separate the carriageway are located along the road, are executed at the right end of the carriageway in the driving direction, except for

highways and express roadways, where the marking is also applied on the left side, near the physical means to separate directions. These markings may be made of a

simple continuous or broken line.

(2) Markings for guidance aim at visualising the path vehicles must take when crossing a junction or turning left, being mandatory if the centre line or the lines

separating lanes are not collinear.

(3) Markings for prohibiting waiting may be made via:

	a)	a yellow continuous line applied on the kerb of the pavement or on the lane of verge consolidation, doubling the marking to separate the carriageway

	to the outer part of the road platform;

	b)	a zigzag line on the margin of the carriageway.

(4) Markings by arrows are used to:

	a)	select lanes;

	b)	change lanes (the acceleration lane, the additional lane for slow-moving vehicles, the lane which disappears on narrowing of the carriageway);

	c)	withdrawal, only outside towns on roads with one lane per direction and two-way traffic.

Art. 81. - (1) The transverse marking consisting in a continuous line, applied on the width of one or several lanes, indicates the line before which the vehicle must stop

when meeting the sign Stop. Such marking may be used to indicate the stop line imposed by a light signal, by a command of the traffic control officer, by the presence

of a level crossing with a railroad, a tram rail or a pedestrian crossing. The inscription Stop may be applied on the carriageway before the marking accompanying the

Stop sign.

(2) The transverse marking consisting in a broken line, applied on the width of one or several lanes, indicates the line which must not be crossed when it is required to

give way. Before such line, a triangle-shaped marking may be applied on the carriageway having one side parallel with the broken line, and the apex pointing to the

approaching vehicle.

(3) The transverse marking consisting in lines which are parallel with the centre line of the road indicate the place where pedestrians should cross the road. These lines

are wider than any other markings.

(4) The transverse marking consisting in broken parallel lines, applied perpendicularly or obliquely to the centre line of the road, indicates the place where cyclists

should cross the carriageway.

Art. 82. - (1) In order to increase the visual impact on road users, markings in the form of inscriptions, symbols and figures may be executed on the carriageway.

(2) On highways, express roadways and national roads open to international traffic (E), resonating markings shall be applied at the ends of the carriageway to warn

drivers on exit from the carriageway.

Art. 83. - (1) Markings, such as: arrows, inscriptions, parallel or oblique lines, may be used to repeat the meaning of signs or to provide road users with indications

which cannot be adequately communicated via signs.

(2) The marking in the form of one or more arrows, applied on the lane or on lanes separated by continuous lines required to follow the direction or directions thus

indicated. The withdrawal arrow which is oblique to the centre line of the road, applied on a lane or in-between a longitudinal marking made up of broken lines, shall

signal the obligation that the vehicle which is not on the lane indicated by the arrow is run on that lane.

(3) The marking made up of a zig-zag line prohibits waiting of vehicles on the side of the road where it is applied. Such line completed with the words Bus or Taxi

may be used to signal bus, trolley and taxi stops.

(4) The marking applied outside lanes, made of parallel lines, surrounded or not with a border line, shall separate the area prohibited for traffic.

(5) Markings may also be applied on support walls, protection parapets or other road arrangements lateral to the road, to make them more visible to drivers.

(6) Markings are generally white, except for the ones applied on the lateral elements of the road, which are white, black or yellow and black, and except for

temporary markings, used to organize traffic in the area of works, which are yellow. In hazardous areas or where waiting of vehicles is timely restricted, markings

may be differently coloured.

	Section 5

	Signalling of the lateral limits of the road platform and of works

Art. 84. - (1) Outside towns, the lateral limits of the road platform shall be signalled via white lamellate guidance poles, subject to certification, placed every 50 m or

through the parapet. Red and white or yellow reflective devices are applied on lamellate guidance poles and on the parapet. Red reflective devices must be visible

only on the right side of the road in the driving direction. Materials used to make lamellate guidance poles must not be hard.

(2) Reflective devices for signalling the limits of the road platform may also be applied on the protection parapet, the walls of tunnels, the support walls or on the

other road arrangements or lateral installations of the road.

Art. 85. - (1) It is mandatory to signal the works executed on public roads in order to ensure appropriate traffic conditions on the road sector which is not affected

by the works or, if applicable, in order to divert traffic on deviation routes and thus prohibit traffic in the area affected by works.

(2) Road sectors affected by works must signalled visibly by signs and auxiliary road signalling means, such as traffic lights, direction beacons, plates, control cones,

barriers, fences, walls made of lestable plastic and signalling trolleys with fluorescent-reflective elements. They must not be made of hard materials, and at night must

be accompanied by yellow flashing lamps.

(3) To organize traffic on public road sectors where works are executed reflective signs and beacons are put in place or, if applicable, road arrangements such as

speed limits and appropriate markings are applied. Wherever applicable, traffic is controlled by light signals or signals of the road worker who was appointed and

trained in this respect.

Art. 86. - (1) Signalling on road sectors where works are executed must be maintained and changed as per the evolution of works. On completion of works, the

company executing them must redo the initial signalling or must change it according to the new traffic conditions simultaneously with the repairs of the public road

sector affected by such works.

(2) Persons executing works of any kind on the carriageway of the public road are required to wear a protection-wearing equipment which is fluorescent and

reflective, either yellow or orange to be easily noticed by road users.

Art. 87. - No work affecting the public road cannot start or continue, where applicable, if the company executing such works does not have the authorization of the

road administrator and the approval of the police, if he did not put in place the appropriate temporary signalling, and the approved term was exceeded or the work is

executed under other circumstances than those laid down in the authorization or approval.

	Section 6

	Signals of police officers and other persons controlling traffic

Art. 88. - (1) The signals of the police officer controlling traffic have the meanings below:

	a)	arm raised vertically means attention, stop for all approaching road users, except for drivers of vehicles which could not stop safely. If the signal is

	an intersection, this shall not require the stop of drivers who are already crossing the intersection;

	b)	arms held horizontally means stop for all road users who regardless of direction come from the direction/s intersected by his held arm/s. After this

	signal, the police officer may lower the arm/s, his position will continue to mean stop for road users approaching from the front and from behind;

	c)	vertically moving a red-light device or a fluorescent-reflective stick at night means stop for road users in the direction of the device or stick;

	d)	moving the arm vertically, having the hand oriented to the ground, means reduce speed;

	e)	fast rotation of the arm means increase speed of vehicles or hurry road crossing by pedestrians.

(2) The police officer controlling traffic may also arm signal that the vehicle must drive on, overtake, pass behind or in front of him, avoid him on the left or on the

right, and pedestrians must cross the road or stop.

(3) When executing the commands referred to in par. (1) and (2), the police officer may also use the whistle.

Art. 89. - (1) Road users must also stop at the signals made by:

	a)	border police officers;

	b)	traffic wardens of the Ministry of Defence;

	c)	railroad agents, at level crossings;

	d)	authorized personnel in the area of works on public roads;

	e)	members of school traffic patrols, at pedestrian crossings near schools;

	f)	the blind, by raising the white stick, when they cross the street.

(2) Persons referred to in par. (1) let. a)-d) may also execute the following signals:

	a)	moving the arm vertically, having the hand oriented to the ground, or with a signalling device which means to reduce speed;

	b)	fast rotation of the arm, which means increase speed of vehicles, and hurry road crossing by pedestrians.

Art. 90.  - Persons referred to in art. 88 par. (1) and art. 89 par. (1) let. a)-e) controlling traffic must be equipped and located so as to be easily noticed and

recognized by road users.

	Section 7

	Signals used by drivers of emergency vehicles and the obligations of the other road users

Art. 91. - (1) The signals of special warning, light and sound means, shall be used by drivers of motor vehicles referred to in art. 32 par. (2) let. a) and b) of

Emergency Ordinance no. 195/2002, republished, as amended and completed, only if the intervention or assignment require emergency.

(2) The signals of light warning means may also be used without being accompanied by the sound means, depending on the nature of the assignment or on traffic

conditions, in which case the motor vehicle in question does not have priority.

(3) It is prohibited to use the signals of sound warning means separately from the light means.

Art. 92. - (1) The traffic policeman in a police vehicle may also use lighting devices with variable messages to send an indication or order to road users. These signals

may be addressed simultaneously with a message via the loud hailer.

(2) The traffic policeman in a police vehicle may execute arm signals, with or without a reflective stick, outside on the right lateral side of the vehicle. This signal means

stop for drivers behind the police vehicle. The same signal on the left side of the vehicle means stop for drivers on the left lane in the same or in the opposite direction

of the police car.

Art. 93. - Drivers of vehicles approaching an official column may overtake it if this manoeuvre was signalled by the traffic policeman. Other road users are prohibited

to come in-between or to join an official column.

Art. 94. - (1) Official columns are accompanied by traffic police squads, as per the instructions issued by the minister of Administration and Interior.

(2) Columns of military vehicles shall be accompanied by traffic control vehicles pertaining to the Ministry of Defence, who use sound special warning means, as well

as blue-light means.

Art. 95. - Vehicles which, by design or due to the transported cargo, exceed the weight and/or size provided by the legal norms, as well as special transports may be

accompanied by the traffic police squads only with the approval of the General Division of the Romanian Police.

	CHAPTER V

	Traffic rules

	SECTION 1

	General rules

Art. 96. - (1) Road users are required to notify the public road administrator or the closest police unit when aware of the existence on the road of an obstacle or of

any other situation which might endanger traffic flow or safety.

(2) It is prohibited to throw, leave or abandon objects, materials or substances or to create obstacles on the public road. The person who could not avoid creating an

obstacle on the public road is required to remove it and, if not possible, to signal its presence and to immediately notify the public road administrator and the closest

police unit.

Art. 97. - (1) Children under 12 years old or below 150 cm must wear safety belts tailored to their weight and height, whereas children under the age of 3 are

transported only in certified child restraint systems.

(2) Drivers are prohibited to transport children up to the age of 12 on the front seat, even if they are held in arms by adults, when running on public roads.

(3) Drivers and the persons on the front seat are prohibited to hold animals in their arms when on public roads.

(4) The following shall be exempt from the obligation to wear the safety belt:

	a)	drivers during the reverse driving manoeuvre or who are waiting;

	b)	women who are evidently pregnant;

	c)	drivers rendering services of public transport of passengers, under a taxi system, when transporting passengers;

	d)	persons holding a medical certificate mentioning the illness which prevents the wearing of the safety belt;

	e)	driving instructors, during the practical training of the persons learning to drive a vehicle on public roads or the examiner with the competent

	authorities during the practical driving test.

(5) Persons referred to in par. (4) let. d) are required to have with them the medical certificate mentioning the validity thereof.

(6) Medical illnesses for which there is no obligation to wear the safety belt, as well as the template of the medical certificate shall be set forth by order of the Minister

pf Public Health, to be published in the Official Gazette of Romania, Part I.

Art. 98. - (1) Transport on motorcycles and mopeds of more persons than seats existing by design, as well as of big objects is prohibited.

(2) Children under the age of 7, if held in arms, as well as those up to the age of 14 shall be transported only in the sidecar of motorcycles.

Art. 99. - (1) Traffic on public roads of vehicles which are not subject to registration, except for bicycles and hand-pulled or -pushed vehicles is allowed only during

the day.

(2) Drivers of vehicles referred to in par. (1) are prohibited to drive faster than 30 km/h.

	Section 2

	Use of the carriageway

Art. 100. - Vehicles must be driven only on the roads, carriageways, lanes or paths established for their category. Where lanes or special paths for mopeds, bicycles

and other vehicles without an engine are not arranged on public roads, these may also be run on the verge in the driving direction, if traffic can take place without any

danger.

Art. 101. - When the road has two or more lanes per each driving direction, vehicles are run on the lane situated near the verge or kerb. The other lanes may be

used successively, from the right to the left, if the circulation lane is busy, with the obligation to return to the lane on the right when possible.

Art. 102. - Vehicles which are heavy, slow-moving or having an excess weight or size or those running at reduced speed must be run only on the lane near the verge

or kerb, if no special lane intended for them is arranged in the driving direction.

Art. 103. - On the public road having not more than two lanes per direction and a third lane with the tram rail near the centre line of the road, drivers may use this

lane, under the obligation to clear the tram rail when the tram approaches.

Art. 104. - Vehicles carrying out public transport of passengers are run on the lane in this respect, if such lane exists and is signalled as such. The same lane may also

be used by emergency vehicles when driving for urgent interventions or assignments.

Art. 105. - It is prohibited to enter an intersection even if the light signal or a priority signs allows it, if due to high traffic the driver risks to get jammed there thus

hindering or blocking traffic.

	Section 3

	Rules for vehicle traffic

§ 1. Positions while driving and use of lanes

Art. 106. - (1) On a public road with at least 3 lanes per each direction, when the drivers of two vehicles run in the same direction, but on different lanes, and intend

to go on the free lane between them, the one driving on the right lane is required to allow the driver coming from the left to get into that lane.

(2) On the public road with several lanes, drivers of vehicles running on a lane which ends must allow the passing of the vehicles driving on that lane in order to

continue running on the left lane.

Art. 107. - (1) At junctions with signs and/or markings for signalling the driving direction, drivers must position the vehicle on the lane corresponding to the intended

driving direction at least 50 m before the intersection and are required to observe the meaning of signs and markings.

(2) At junctions without markings to separate lanes, drivers shall take the following positions at least 50 m before the intersection:

	a)	the line near the kerb or the verge, those wishing to change the driving direction to the right;

	b)	the line near the centre line of the road or near the marking separating directions, those wishing to change direction to the left. When traffic is on one-

	way roads, drivers intending to turn left are required to occupy the line near the kerb or the verge on the left side;

	c)	any of the lines, for those who want to go ahead.

(3) If trams also cross the intersection and the area between the right rail and the pavement does not allow traffic on two or more lines, all drivers, regardless of the

driving direction, shall go in a single line, leaving the rails free for the tram.

(4) Where the tram stopped in a stop without a platform for pedestrians, vehicles must stop as per their arrival, behind the tram and must start running again only after

the tram closed the doors and checked that they do not endanger the safety of pedestrians crossing the public road.

Art. 108. - It is prohibited to change the driving direction by turning to the right or to the left where there are signs with this meaning.

Art. 109. - If near a junction a sign is put in place or a marking applied imposing the obligation to drive in a certain direction, vehicles must be driven only in the

indicated direction/s.

Art. 110. - (1) Where there are special lanes to execute the manoeuvre, direction is changed by going to the left of the imaginary centre of the junction, and if there is

a guidance marking, in compliance with its meaning.

(2) The change of the driving direction to the left, in case of vehicles entering an intersection on the same road in line but from opposite directions, shall occur around

the left of the centre of the junction, without intersecting their trajectory.

(3) Road arrangements or obstacles in the middle area of the carriageway shall be avoided on the right side.

Art. 111. - Traffic road users are prohibited to go on public road sectors at the beginning of which there is a sign prohibiting access.

§ 2. Signals of drivers

Art. 112. - Drivers shall signal using their light, sound warning means or their arm, if applicable, before taking any manoeuvre or to avoid immediate danger.

Art. 113. - (1) Sound warning means must be used at least 25 m before the addressees, for a time interval allowing perception of the signal and without making them

execute a manoeuvre which might endanger traffic safety.

(2) Signalling with sound warning means may not be used in the application areas of the sign No honking.

(3) The following shall be exempt from the provisions of par. (2):

	a)	drivers of emergency vehicles when going on emergency interventions or assignments;

	b)	drivers of vehicles using this signal to avoid immediate danger.

Art. 114. - (1) Drivers of motor vehicles, trams and mopeds are required to use their lighting and/or signalling devices, as follows:

	a)	position or waiting lights when the vehicle is immobilised on the carriageway outside towns, as of nightfall and until dawn, in daytime in case of

	torrential rain or snow, or of thick fog or under other under reduced visibility conditions on the public road;

	b)	low or high beam, while driving, both inside and outside towns, depending on the lighting degree of the public road;

	c)	low beam and fog lights during thick fog;

	d)	low beam of vehicles accompanying military columns or processions, transporting organized groups of persons and those towing other vehicles or

	transporting hazardous goods or products, in daytime;

	e)	low beam in case of torrential rain or snow or under other reduced visibility conditions on the road;

	f)	lights for reverse driving when the vehicle is manoeuvred backwards;

	g)	direction lights to signal change of the driving direction, including starting-off of the vehicle.

(2) At night, at the approach of two vehicles from opposite directions, their drivers are required to use the low beam and simultaneously to reduce speed at least 200

m from one another. When the driver approaches a vehicle running in front of him, he is required to use the low beam at least 100 m before meeting.

(3) At night or under reduced visibility conditions, drivers of motor vehicles and trams approaching an intersection which is not controlled by light signals or police

officers are required to signal by the alternative use of the low and high beam if thus they do not breach the provisions of par. (2).

(4) At night or under reduced visibility conditions, motor vehicles or trailers having technical problems with their lighting system and light signals cannot be driven or

towed without using the low beam on the left side, at the front and a position light at the back.

(5) The hazard lights shall be used in the following cases:

	a)	when the vehicle is involuntarily immobilised on the carriageway;

	b)	when the vehicle is moving very slowly and/or is a danger in itself to the other road users;

	c)	when the motor vehicle or tram is towed.

(6) In the cases referred to in par. (5), drivers of motor vehicles, trams or mopeds must use the hazard lights, successively, in the sequence of stopping and if this

manoeuvre is triggered by a traffic jam on the driving direction.

(7) When driving through a tunnel the driver is required to use the low beam.

Art. 115. - A vehicle may stop or wait with all lights off where these manoeuvres are allowed, when they are:

	a)	on a lighted road, so that the vehicle is visible from at least 50 m;

	b)	outside the carriageway, on a consolidated verge;

	c)	in towns, at the edge of the carriageway, in case of two-wheeled motorcycles without a sidecar and of mopeds which do not have a power source.

Art. 116. - (1) Drivers are required to signal change of direction, overtaking, stopping and starting off.

(2) The intention of drivers of motor vehicles, trams or mopeds to change the driving direction, to get out of a line of stationary vehicles or to enter such line, to pass

to another lane or to turn right or left or who are to make a U-turn, an overtake or a stop shall be signalled by using the direction lights at least 50 m before in towns

and 100 m before outside towns, before starting the manoeuvres.

(3) Reduction of speed or stopping motor vehicles, trams or mopeds on the carriageway shall be signalled via the back red light.

Art. 117. - (1) Drivers of two-wheeled vehicles, as well as of animal-driven or hand-pulled or -pushed vehicles are required to make the following signals:

	a)	left arm stretched horizontally when intending to change the driving direction to the left or to overtake;

	b)	right arm stretched horizontally when intending to change the driving direction to the right;

	c)	right arm stretched horizontally moving vertically when intending to stop.

(2) The signals referred to in par. (1) must be executed at least 25 m before making the manoeuvres.

§ 3. Overtaking 

Art. 118. - The driver making the overtaking is required:

	a)	to check that the driver in front and the driver behind did not signal the intention to start a similar manoeuvre and that he can overtake without

	endangering or hindering traffic from the opposite direction;

	b)	to signal the intention to overtake;

	c)	during overtake, to keep sufficient lateral distance from the overtaken vehicle;

	d)	to go back to the initial lane or line after having signalled and checked that he can execute this manoeuvre safely for the overtaken vehicle and for the

	other road users.

Art. 119. - The vehicle to be overtaken is required:

	a)	not to increase speed;

	b)	to drive as closely to the right margin of the carriageway or of the lane where it is running.

Art. 120. - (1) Overtaking of vehicles is prohibited:

	a)	in uncontrolled intersections;

	b)	near the top of steep hills upwards, when visibility is reduced below 50 m;

	c)	in curves and in any other places where visibility is reduced below 50 m;

	d)	on uneven passageways, on bridges, under bridges and in tunnels. By way of derogation, animal-driven vehicles, motorcycles without a sidecar,

	mopeds and bicycles may be overtaken here, if the visibility over the road is ensured for more than 20 m, and the width of the road is of at least 7 m;

	e)	on pedestrian crossings signalled by signs and markings;

	f)	on current railroad level crossings and less than 50 m before such crossings;

	g)	in front of tram stops, when the tram is not moving and the stop has no pedestrian platform;

	h)	in the application area of the sign No overtaking;

	i)	when the simple or double continuous marking separating driving directions is crossed, and the motor vehicle is running, even partially, on the

	opposite direction, or the marking separating the prohibited area is crossed in order to make the manoeuvre;

	j)	when another vehicle approaches from the opposite direction and the driver thereof is required to make the manoeuvre to avoid collision;

	k)	on the road sector where a line of vehicles is waiting, if you have to enter this column on the opposite direction.

(2) It is prohibited to overtake official columns.

§ 4. Speed and distance between vehicles 

Art. 121. - (1) Drivers are required to observe the maximum allowed speed on the road sector where they are and applicable to the category of the driven vehicle,

as well as that imposed by the signalling means.

(2) Failure to comply with the speed limit established by law shall be found by the traffic police officers, by use of technical means subject to certification and

metrological inspection.

(3) The public road administrator is required to put in place signs to regulate speed limit.

(4) Outside towns, before public transport stops and/or pedestrian crossings, 100 m before, the road administrator is required to make road arrangements to reduce

vehicle speed.

Art. 122. - Drivers are prohibited to suddenly reduce speed or make a sudden stop, in the absence of well-grounded reasons.

Art. 123. - Drivers are required to drive at a speed which does not exceed 30 km/h in towns or 50 km/h outside towns, in the following cases:

	a)	when crossing uncontrolled junctions;

	b)	in extremely dangerous curves signalled as such or where visibility is below 50 m;

	c)	when passing by organized groups, military columns or processions, regardless whether they are running or waiting on the carriageway of roads

	having one lane per direction;

	d)	when passing by animals driven on the carriageway or on the verge;

	e)	when the carriageway is covered in frost, ice, hard snow, slime or wet cubic stone;

	f)	on uneven roads, signalled as such;

	g)	in the application area of the warning sign Children between 7,00 and 22,00, as well as of the sign Accident;

	h)	on pedestrian crossings without traffic lights, signalled by signs and markings, when the public road has not more than one lane per direction, and

	pedestrians on pavement immediately near the carriageway, intend to cross;

	i)	at the change of direction by turning;

	j)	when visibility is below 100 m in case of fog and torrential rain or snow.

Art. 124. - The public road administrator is liable to put in place warning signs in the areas referred to in art. 123 and to take measures for road arrangements

determining drivers to reduce speed.

§ 5. Rules on manoeuvres

Art. 125. - In order to U-turn the vehicle from one direction to the other by the ahead-reverse manoeuvre or by turning, the driver is required to signal and to check

that no vehicle is running at that moment from the front, from the behind or from the lateral.

Art. 126. - U-turning of vehicles is prohibited:

	a)	in places where voluntary stopping of vehicles is prohibited, except for the cases under art. 142 let. f);

	b)	in junctions where left-turning is prohibited, as well as where, in order to U-turn, it is necessary to make the ahead-reverse manoeuvre of the vehicle;

	c)	where the strength of the road does not allow it;

	d)	on one-way roads;

	e)	on pedestrian marking;

	f)	where there is the sign No U-turn.

Art. 127. - (1) On public roads which are narrow and/or have a downward slope and it is dangerous or impossible for vehicles from opposite directions to pass one

by the other, drivers must proceed as follows:

	a)	when a combination of vehicles meets a vehicle, the driver of the latter must go backwards;

	b)	when a heavy vehicle meets a light vehicle, the driver of the latter must go backwards;

	c)	when a vehicle carrying out public transport of passengers meets a vehicle transporting goods, the driver of the latter must go backwards.

(2) In case of vehicles of the same category, the obligation to go backwards lies with the driver going up, except for the case when it is easier and there are

conditions for the driver going down to execute this manoeuvre, especially when near a platform.

Art. 128. - (1) Reverse driving is prohibited:

	a)	in the cases laid down in art. 126, except for let. d);

	b)	for more than 50 m;

	c)	on exit from properties neighbouring public roads.

(2) Where reverse driving is allowed, but visibility at the back is hindered, the vehicle may be manoeuvred backwards only when the driver is directed by at least a

person outside the vehicle.

(3) The person directing the backwards manoeuvre of a vehicle is required to check that the manoeuvre does not endanger the safety of road users.

(4) Reverse driving by a vehicle must be signalled with the special light or lights equipping the vehicle. It is recommended that motor vehicles be also equipped with

sound devices to signal such manoeuvre.

§ 6. Intersections and the obligation to give way 

Art. 129. - (1) The vehicle running on a public road where there is one of the signs meaning: Priority road, Intersection with a road without priority or Priority

over traffic from the opposite direction has priority to pass.

(2) When two vehicles are to meet in an intersection controlled by signs, coming from two public roads having signs with the same meaning, the vehicle approaching

from the right has priority.

Art. 130. - The driver approaching entry in an intersection simultaneously with a priority vehicle using its light and sound signals is required to give way.

Art. 131. - (1) When approaching a public transport stop having a shelter, wherefrom the driver of such vehicle signals the intention to exit, the driver of the vehicle

running on the lane e near the verge or kerb is required to reduce speed and, if necessary, to stop in order to allow re-entry of traffic.

(2) Drivers are required to give priority to pedestrians on the carriageway to get on trams or after they got off, if the tram stops in a stop without a platform.

Art. 132. - The driver of the vehicle whose running is hindered by an obstacle or by the presence of other road users, involving passing on the opposite direction, is

required to reduce speed and, if necessary, to stop in order to allow passing of the vehicles from the opposite direction.

Art. 133. - In the case laid down in art. 51 par. (2), drivers are required to give priority to intersecting road users running according to the meaning of the concerned

traffic lights colours.

Art. 134. - Upon exit from residential or pedestrian areas, drivers are required to give way to all intersecting vehicles.

Art. 135. - The vehicle driver is required to also give priority in the following cases:

	a)	at the uncontrolled intersection when entering a national road coming from a county, village or local road;

	b)	at the uncontrolled intersection when entering a county road coming from a village or local road;

	c)	at the uncontrolled intersection when entering a village road coming from a local road;

	d)	when he is about to enter a roundabout intersection to the driver inside the intersection;

	e)	when driving on a slope to the one going up, if a stationary obstacle is on the driving direction of the one going upwards. In this case, the manoeuvre

	is not deemed an overtake for purposes of art. 120 let. j);

	f)	when starting off or entering the public road coming from an adjacent property to the vehicle running on the public road, irrespective of direction;

	g)	when turning to the left or to the right and intersecting a cyclist running on a bicycle path, signalled as such;

	h)	to pedestrians crossing the public road, in special arranged areas which are adequately marked and signalled or at the green phase of the traffic lights

	intended for such pedestrians, when this is on the driving direction of the vehicle.

§ 7. Railroad level crossing 

Art. 136. - (1) At current railroad level crossings, the vehicle driver is required to run at reduced speed and to check that no railroad vehicle is approaching on the

left side or from the right.

(2) Upon crossing the railroad, pedestrians are required to check that no railroad vehicle is approaching from the left or from the right.

Art. 137. - (1) The driver may cross the current railroad with barriers or semi-barriers, if they are lifted and the light and sound signals are not used, and the slow

white flashing light signal is on.

(2) When traffic at current railroad level crossings is controlled by railroad officers, the driver must observe their signals.

Art. 138. - (1) The vehicle driver is required to stop when:

	a)	barriers or semi-barriers are down, or are going down or up;

	b)	the red light signal and/or the sound signal are on;

	c)	meeting the sign Simple railroad level crossing, without barriers, Double railroad level crossing, without barriers or Stop.

(2) Vehicles must stop, as per their arrival, where there is maximum visibility on the railroad without passing the signs referred to in par. (1) let. c) or, if applicable,

before the stop marking or before the barriers or semi-barriers, when closed, or going down or up.

Art. 139. - (1) In case of vehicle immobilization on the railroad, the driver is required to immediately take out passengers from the vehicle and to clear the platform

railroad, and when this is not possible, to signal the presence of the vehicle by any appropriate means.

(2) Road users near places where a vehicle was immobilized on the railroad are required to support clearance, when this is not possible, to signal its presence.

(3) Drivers are prohibited to pass or to avoid size gates located before electric railroads, if the height or cargo of the vehicle reaches or exceeds the upper part of the

gate.

Art. 140. - (1) At the junction of a public road with an industrial railroad, access of railroad vehicles is granted only after adequate and timely signalling by at least

one railroad officer.

(2) In the case laid down in par. (1), drivers are required to comply with the meaning of the signals of railroad officers.

§ 8. Stopping, waiting and parking 

Art. 141. - (1) Drivers of motor vehicles immobilized on public roads, going away from them, are required to use the hand brake, turn off the engine and change to a

lower gear or to the parking gear if the motor vehicle has automatic transmission.

(2) In case of involuntary immobilization of the motor vehicle in a downward or upward slope, in addition to the obligations referred to in par. (1) the driver must

block the main wheels.

(3) In case of involuntary immobilization of the motor vehicle in underground passageways or tunnels, the driver is required to turn off the engine.

(4) In towns, on one-way roads, stopping or voluntary waiting of vehicles is also allowed on the left side, if at least one lane is free.

(5) Outside towns stopping or voluntary waiting of vehicles takes place outside the carriageway, and when not possible, as close as possible to the right margin of the

road, in parallel to the centre line thereof.

(6) Waiting on the carriageway is not allowed, at night, for tractors, trailers, mopeds, bicycles, self-propelled machinery and equipment used in construction,

agricultural or forest works, animal-driven vehicles or to hand-pulled or -pushed vehicles.

(7) Stopping or waiting is not allowed in tunnels. In cases of emergency or danger the driver is allowed to stop or wait only in special places which are appropriately

signalled. In case of prolonged immobilization of the motor vehicle in the tunnel, the vehicle driver is required to turn off the engine.

Art. 142. - Voluntary stopping of vehicles is prohibited:

	a)	in the application area of the sign No Stopping;

	b)	on current railroad level crossings and less than 50 m before and after;

	c)	on bridges, on and under uneven passageways, as well as on viaducts;

	d)	in curves and in other places where visibility is below 50 m;

	e)	on pedestrian crossings or less than 25 m before and after;

	f)	in intersections, including roundabout intersections, as well as in pre-selection areas where continuous markings are applied, and in their absence, less

	than 25 m from the corner of the junction;

	g)	in the stops of public transport for passengers, as well as less than 25 m before and after;

	h)	near another vehicle stopped on the carriageway, if thus it hinders traffic of two vehicles from opposite directions, as well as near the continuous

	marking, where drivers of the other vehicles running in the same direction would be required to cross this marking due to this;

	i)	where it blocks visibility over a light sign or signal;

	j)	on road sectors having signs meaning Narrowing road, Priority for traffic from the opposite direction or Priority over traffic from the

	opposite direction;

	k)	on paths mandatory for pedestrians and/or cyclists or on lanes for certain categories of vehicles, signalled as such;

	l)	on the industrial railroad or tram platform or less than 50 m away, if traffic of railroad vehicles might be obstructed or blocked;

	m)  on the carriageway of highways, express roads and of European national roads (E);

	n)	on the pavement, if they do not leave at least 1 m for pedestrian traffic;

	o)	on bicycle paths;

	p)	where overtaking is prohibited.

Art. 143. - Voluntary waiting of vehicles is prohibited:

	a)	in all cases when voluntary stopping is prohibited;

	b)	in the application area of the sign meaning No waiting and of the marking prohibiting waiting;

	c)	on public roads less than 6 m wide;

	d)	near access ways to properties adjacent to public roads;

	e)	in downward and upward slopes;

	f)	near the sign meaning Alternate waiting, on a different day or period than that allowed or the sign meaning Limited duration waiting zone over the

	fixed term.

Art. 144. - (1) The public road administrator is required to adequately separate and signal public road sectors where stopping or waiting of vehicles is prohibited.

(2) The public road administrator may allow partial or total stopping or waiting of a vehicle on the pavement, in compliance with the marking, and in the absence

thereof, only if at least a passage of minimum 1 m wide is clear on the margin opposite the carriageway intended for pedestrians.

Art. 145. - The driver and his passengers are prohibited during stopping or waiting to open or to leave the doors open or to get off without checking that they pose

no threat to traffic.

Art. 146. - Traffic of vehicles and pedestrians in special areas arranged or established in this respect and which are appropriately signalled shall proceed according to

the traffic norms during the entire period when parking lots are open to public traffic.

§ 9. Other obligations and prohibitions for drivers of vehicles and trams 

Art. 147. - The driver of motor vehicles or trams is required:

	1.	to have with him the identity papers, driving licence, registration certificate and, if applicable, the professional certificate, as well as other documents

	provided by the legislation in force;

	2.	to run only on road sectors where access is granted and to comply with the norms referring to the total maximum authorized and admitted weight

	and/or the maximum admitted size by the competent authorities for the driven motor vehicles;

	3.	to check the operation of the light and signalling system, of the air-conditions system, to always keep clean the windscreen, rear window and lateral

	windows of the motor vehicle, as well as the registration number plates of the motor vehicle and trailer;

	4.	to allow inspection of the technical state of the vehicle, as well as of the goods transported, according to the law;

	5.	to go to the regular medical check, according to the law;

	6.	to apply on the windscreen and on the rear window of the motor vehicle the distinctive sign for learning drivers, if they obtained their driving licence

	less than a year ago.

Art. 148. - The driver of motor vehicles or trams is prohibited:

	1.	to drive a motor vehicle or tram with the replacement proof of the driving licence issued without the right to drive or which expired;

	2.	to transport in motor vehicles or trams more persons than the number of seats established in the registration certificate;

	3.	to transport persons under the influence of alcohol on motorcycles or in the cabin or coachwork of the motor vehicle intended for transport of goods;

	4.	to transport persons in the coachwork of the lorry, on the tank car, on the platform, over the cargo, on the lateral sides of the coachwork, or persons

	standing in the coachwork of the road truck, on the stairs and in the trailer, except for those arranged for passenger transport;

	5.	to transport children up to the age of 12 on the front seat of the motor vehicle, even if they are held in arms by adults;

	6.	to transport in and on the vehicle objects whose length or width exceeds, together with the cargo, the size of the vehicle;

	7.	to open the doors of the car or tram while driving, to start off with the doors open;

	8.	to have other preoccupations during driving which might dangerously distract his attention or to use sound systems at a volume which might affect his

	safety and the safety of the other road users;

	9.	to enter modernized roads with the car having mud on the wheels or on the coachwork which falls on the carriageway or wherefrom products,

	substances or materials fall or leak which might endanger traffic safety;

	10. to apply on the windscreen, rear window or lateral windows posters, ads, notes or accessories, which restrict or block visibility of the driver or of

	passengers from the inside and from the outside;

	11. to apply sheets or chemical treatments to the windscreens, rear window or lateral windows, which restrict or block visibility of the driver or of

	passengers from the inside and from the outside, except for certified one, by adequate marking by the competent authorities;

	12. to apply sheets or chemical treatments to the lighting devices or light signals, which reduce their effectiveness, as well as on the registration number

	plates, which obstructs reading of the registration number;

	13. while driving, to take hands off the steering wheel, handle bar or the gear shifter, to turn off the engine or to unclutch transmission;

	14. to abusively use sound warning means;

	15. to drive a motor vehicle having the total maximum authorized weight of more than 3.5 tonnes on roads covered in snow, ice or frost, without having

	wheel chains or other certified anti-skidding equipment, during the times and on the roads established by order of the Minister of Transportation,

	Constructions and Tourism;

	16. to drive vehicle with tyres of a different size or features than those entered in the registration certificate or whose cable is cut or torn or which are

	used beyond the admitted limit;

	17. to drive a car emitting noxious fumes over the legally admitted limit or whose noise when running or stopped exceeds the noise threshold provided by

	law or which has uncertified devices on the gas evacuation system;

	18. to drive a motor vehicle having the registration number plates, the temporary or trial one deteriorated or non-compliant with the standard;

	19. to make obscene gestures or actions, to hail insults, to utter offensive or vulgar words to the other road users;

	20. to drive a damaged car after the lapse of 30 days from the date of damage;

	21. to throw, on public roads, from the vehicle objects, materials or substances.

Art. 149. - (1) The driver of cars or trams less than a year old from obtaining the driving licence are required to apply the distinctive sign in the form of a yellow disk,

100 mm in diameter, having a black exclamation mark in the centre, 60 mm long and the diameter 10 mm big, as follows:

	a)	on motorcycles, in the rear part near the registration number;

	b)	on cars, on the lower right part of the windscreen and on the lower left part of the rear window;

	c)	on cars without a rear window, on the lower right part of the windscreen and on the coachwork in the rear on the upper left part;

	d)	on trams, on the lower right part of the windscreen and on the rear window of the last coach in the rear on the upper left part;

	e)	on motor vehicles towing a trailer, on the lower right part of the windscreen of the motor vehicle and on the coachwork of the trailer in the rear on the

	upper left part.

(2) The driver of vehicles laid down in par. (1) is prohibited:

	a)	to drive motor vehicles transporting hazardous goods or products;

	b)	to drive vehicles intended for testing or trials;

	c)	to drive vehicles intended for public transport of passengers, including under a taxi system.

§ 10. Traffic of vehicles intended for transport of goods or public transport of passengers 

Art. 150. - (1) The cargo of a vehicle must be placed and, if necessary, fixed so that:

	a)	it does not endanger persons or cause damages to public or private property;

	b)	it does not hinder the driver's visibility and it does not endanger the stability or driving of the vehicle;

	c)	it is not dragged, it does not leak and it does not fall on the road;

	d)	it does not hide signalling devices, bull's eyes and the registration number plates or the temporary plates, and in case of vehicles without an engine, the

	arm signals of their driver;

	e)	it does not make a noise which disturbs the driver, road users or scares animals and it must not cause dust or pestilential smells.

(2) Chains, cables, tarpaulins and other accessories serving to ensure or protect the cargo must fix it to the vehicle as tightly as possible so that they do not pose a

threat to traffic safety.

(3) The cargo consisting in materials or products which can be spread during driving must be covered by a tarpaulin. When the cargo consists in big or heavy objects,

it must be fixed so that it does not move during transport and it does not exceed the size of the vehicle.

Art. 151. - The driver of motor vehicles or trams performing public transport of passengers is required:

	a)	to stop for passengers to get off/on only in the stops signalled as such, except for public transport of passengers under a taxi system. If the stop is a

	shelter, stopping will take place only inside the shelter;

	b)	to open the doors only after the vehicle stopped in the stop;

	c)	to close the doors only after passengers got off/on;

	d)	to start off the motor vehicle or tram from the stop after having signalled the intention and checking the safety of this manoeuvre.

Art. 152. - Passengers of public transport means are prohibited:

	a)	to get on, to get off, to keep the doors open or to open them during the running of the vehicle;

	b)	to stand on the stairs or on the outer parts of the coachwork of the vehicle;

	c)	to throw any kind of objects, materials or substances from the vehicle.

§ 11. Towing 

Art. 153. - (1) A motor vehicle may tow a single trailer on the public road. The following are exempt from this rule: road tractors which can tow two trailers, and

motor vehicles arranged to form a road train for passenger transport in tourist towns, provided that such train is not longer than 25 m and does not go faster than 25

km/h.

(2) Motorcycles without a sidecar and bicycles may tow a light trailer having one axle.

Art. 154. - Coupling of a vehicle with one or two trailers, to make a combination of vehicles, may occur only if:

	a)	the elements making the coupling device are certified and compatible;

	b)	the vehicle combination may make the minimum turning radius of the pulling vehicle;

	c)	the size of the combination of vehicles does not exceed the limits provided by law;

	d)	the coupling elements of the braking, lighting and light signalling devices are compatible;

	e)	vehicles making up the combination do not touch when crossing uneven areas, on turning or on changing the driving direction.

Art. 155. - (1) In case a motor vehicle or its trailer has a flat tyre, the driver of the combination is required to immediately take it outside the carriageway or, if not

possible, to move it near the kerb or verge, in parallel to the centre line of the road and taking measures to remedy the breakdowns or, if applicable, to tow it.

(2) At night or under reduced visibility conditions, the motor vehicle or the trailer thereof which has flaws with the lighting system or light signals cannot be towed on

public roads without using a low beam on the left side, in front, and a position light at the back.

Art. 156. - (1) If a motor vehicle or trailer had a puncture on the carriageway of the road and cannot be moved outside the carriageway, the driver is required to use

the hazard lights and to put in place reflective triangles.

(2) Reflective triangles are placed in front and behind the vehicle, on the same lane, at least 30 m away, so that they can be noticed in due time by the approaching

road users. In towns, when traffic is high, reflective triangles may be placed at a shorter distance or even on the vehicle, so that they can be noticed in due time by the

other drivers.

(3) If the vehicle is not equipped with hazard lights or they are defective, the driver may use, at night or under reduced visibility conditions, a hand lamp with a yellow

flashing light, on the rear part of the vehicle.

(4) It is prohibited to use reflective triangles or hazard lights in the absence of well-grounded reasons or to fake a puncture where stopping or waiting is prohibited.

(5) If the cargo of a vehicle or part of it falls on the carriageway or on one part, which is an obstacle which cannot be immediately removed, the driver is required to

signal it by one of the means referred to in par. (1)-(3).

Art. 157. - (1) A motor vehicle shall be towed in compliance with the following rules:

	a)	by drivers of the pulling car and respectively of the towed car must hold driving licences valid for the categories of each motor vehicle;

	b)	the pulling motor vehicle must not tow a motor vehicle heavier than its weight, except for the case when towing is made by a motor vehicle especially

	intended for repairs;

	c)	towing must be made by a 4 m long metallic bar. The vehicle whose steering and braking systems are not defective may be towed with a certified

	flexible chord, 3-5 m long. The bar or flexible chord must be fixed on the towing elements of the motor vehicles;

	d)	the driver of the towed vehicle is required to appropriately signal the signals made by the driver of the pulling vehicle. When the lighting and signalling

	systems are not operational, towing is prohibited at night and under reduced visibility conditions, whereas at day vehicle may be towed if the

	inscription No signalling, as well as the sign Other hazards are applied on the rear part.

(2) If the towing is made by suspension with a crane or support on a towing platform of the front part of the towed vehicle, then no person must be in that vehicle.

(3) It is prohibited to tow a two-wheeled vehicle, with or without a sidecar, the motor vehicle whose steering gear is not operational or which is not registered or

when the road is covered in frost, ice or snow. It is prohibited to tow two or more motor vehicles, carriages, vehicles which are regularly hand-pulled or -pushed or

agricultural machinery.

(4) By way of derogation from par. (3), it is allowed to tow a motor vehicle whose steering gear is not operational only when the towing is made by suspension of the

main wheels of the motor vehicle towed with a crane or the support of the main wheels of the towed car on a towing platform.

(5) The driver may push or tow with his own motor vehicle, in exceptional circumstances, for short distances, another car to start its engine or to make short

manoeuvres, without endangering the safety of the other road users.

§ 12. The residential and pedestrian area 

Art. 158. - (1) In residential areas, signalled as such, pedestrians may use the entire width of the carriageway, and children are allowed to play.

(2) Drivers are required to run not faster than 20 km/h, not to stop or park the vehicle outside the areas specifically intended and signalled as such, not to obstruct or

block traffic of pedestrians even if they must stop in this respect.

Art. 159. - In the pedestrian area, signalled as such, the driver may enter only if he lives there or supplies door-to-door public services and has no other way of

access. Such person is required to run at not more than 5 km/h, not to obstruct or block traffic of pedestrians and, if necessary, to stop in order to allow their traffic.

	Section 4

	Rules for other road users

§ 1. Bicycles and mopeds

Art. 160. - (1) Bicycles and mopeds, when on the public road, must be driven only in a single file.

(2) Persons who do not hold a driving licence may drive mopeds on public roads only if they prove that they attended a traffic regulation course with a unit authorized

to train drivers of motor vehicles.

(3) If a bicycle path is on the driving direction, signalled as such, drivers referred to in par. (1) are required to drive on this path only. Traffic of other road users on

the bicycle path is prohibited.

(4) It is recommended that, in traffic on public roads, the cyclist wear the certified protection helmet.

Art. 161. - (1) Riders of bicycles or mopeds are prohibited:

	a)	to ride on road sectors signalled with the sign meaning No bicycles;

	b)	to learn to drive bicycles or mopeds on very busy roads;

	c)	to ride on pavements, except for the case when there are special paths for them;

	d)	to drive without keeping at least one hand on the handle bar and both feet on the pedals;

	e)	to ride in parallel, except for cases when they take part in organized sport events;

	f)	to ride under the influence of alcohol, narcotic substances or products or of medicine with similar effects;

	g)	to seize a running vehicle or to be towed by another vehicle or pushed or pulled by a person in another vehicle;

	h)	to transport another person, except for children under the age of 7, only if the vehicle is equipped with a special support, as well as when the vehicle

	is especially built and/or equipped for transport of other persons;

	i)	to ride on the carriageway in the same direction, if there is a lateral way, path or verge which may be used;

	j)	to transport or pull any kind of objects which, by their size or weight, hinder or endanger driving the vehicle or the traffic of the other road users;

	k)	to ride on the alleys of parks or public gardens, except when they do not obstruct traffic of pedestrians;

	l)	to ride at night or in case of reduced visibility, in breach of the requirements under art. 14 and 16;

	m)  to ride when the carriageway is covered in frost, ice or snow;

	n)	to ride with technical flaws of the braking system or a vehicle without sound warning;

	o)	to cross public roads, on pedestrian crossings, when running a bicycle or moped;

	p)	to ride on other lanes than that near the kerb or the verge, except for cases when, before an intersection, they must position themselves legally to turn

	left;

	q)	to ride without wearing fluorescent-reflective clothes, as of nightfall until dawn or when visibility is low;

	r)	to ride the vehicle without keeping wheel contact with the ground.

(2) During running on public roads, cyclists are required to have on them the identity papers, and drivers of mopeds are required to also have the certificate of taking

the traffic legislation courses and the registration certificate of the vehicle.

§ 2. Accompanying animals 

Art. 162. - (1) Burden, pulling or riding animals, as well as herd animals cannot be driven on highways, on national roads, in capital cities and towns, as well as on

roads having the signs prohibiting their access. Riding animals belonging to the police, gendarmerie or the Ministry of Defence may be run on public roads in towns,

when they take part in an assignment.

(2) When on public roads where they are allowed access, herds must be divided in well-separated groups so as not to obstruct traffic of the other road users, each

group having at least one leader.

(3) When on the public road, animals and their keepers must drive on the verge on the left side of the road, in the driving direction, and in its absence, as close as

possible to the left margin of the carriageway.

Art. 163. - (1) The driver of riding animals is required:

	a)	to drive animals so that they are moving on the verge, and in the absence thereof as close as possible to the right margin of the road;

	b)	not to leave animals alone on the carriageway or in the immediate vicinity;

	c)	to wear fluorescent-reflective clothes as of nightfall until dawn;

	d)	to cross the public road in the places allowed for pedestrians only after checking that there is no danger;

	e)	to signal the change of direction to the left by the horizontal raise of the left arm, and stopping by moving the right arm.

(2) Persons driving isolated or burden animals are required:

	a)	to move on the verge, and in the absence thereof, as close as possible to the right margin of the carriageway;

	b)	to drive animals only on their right, by a string which cannot be longer than 2m;

	c)	to make sure animals are lined and tied to each other;

	d)	to wear fluorescent-reflective clothes as of nightfall until dawn;

	e)	to cross the public road in the places allowed for pedestrians only after checking that there is no danger.

(3) Herds will be moved on public roads in compliance with the following rules:

	a)	the herd must have one leader at the front and one at the back;

	b)	at night or in any other case when visibility is reduced, the driver in front of the herd must have a white light device, and the one at the back a red-light

	device;

	c)	herd drivers must take all necessary measures that, while moving on the road, animals do not obstruct traffic of the other road users;

	d)	animals must be driven slowly, on the verge or, in the absence thereof, as close as possible to the margin of the carriageway, so that they do not take

	more than half of the width of that direction;

	e)	at junctions, and when crossing the road, herd drivers must give priority to the intersecting vehicles;

	f)	when on the roads where they are allowed access, herd drivers are required not to leave animals alone.

§ 3. Animal-driven vehicles 

Art. 164. - On the roads where they are allowed access, animal-driven vehicles must be run on the verge or, in the absence thereof, as close as possible to the right

margin of the carriageway.

Art. 165. - (1) The driver of the animal-driven vehicle is required:

	a)	to have with him the identity papers, the registration certificate, and the registration number plates on the vehicle;

	b)	to drive animals so that they are not a danger to him or to the other road users;

	c)	not to stop or wait on the carriageway of the public road;

	d)	during stopping or waiting on the verge or outside the carriageway, animals must be tied so that they cannot enter the carriageway;

	e)	not to drive the vehicle under the influence of alcohol, of narcotic products or substances or of medicine with a similar effect;

	f)	to arm signal the change of direction and to check that no vehicles are in front or behind him whose safety he might endanger;

	g)	as of nightfall until dawn or when the visibility is reduced not to drive on public roads without wearing fluorescent-reflective clothes and without their

	vehicle having in front a white or yellow-light device, and at the back a red-light device, on the left lateral side;

	h)	not to leave alone the vehicle or animals or to fall asleep while driving;

	i)	not to transport objects which exceed the vehicle in length or width, if the cargo is not signalled during daytime by a red flag, and at night or under

	reduced visibility conditions by a fluorescent-reflective device, on the rear of the cargo;

	j)	not to drive with animals accompanying the vehicle, if they are not tied to the right side of the vehicle or to the back part as close to the right as

	possible. The tie must not be more than 1.5 m long;

	k)	not to enter modern or stone roads having the wheels dirty with mud;

	l)	not to transport standing persons in vehicles;

	m)  not to abandon the vehicle on public roads.

(2) The carriage driver performing public transport of passengers is required to drive under the conditions set forth in the licence by the competent authorities.

§ 4. Pedestrians 

Art. 166. - At night, pedestrians or the deemed pedestrian on the carriageway of the road, which has no pavement or verge, must have fluorescent-reflective

accessories on their clothes or must wear a source of light, visible from both directions.

Art. 167. - (1) Pedestrians and deemed pedestrian are prohibited:

	a)	to cross the public road when a priority vehicle using the special light and sound signals warning is approaching;

	b)	to cross the carriageway by going in front of or behind the vehicle stopped in stops of passenger public transport, except for pedestrian crossings

	which are appropriately signalled;

	c)	to prolong the crossing time of the public road, to stop or turn around on pedestrian crossings which do not have traffic lights;

	d)	to cross the public road by other places than those allowed;

	e)	to occupy the carriageway in order to prevent traffic;

	f)	to cross the railroad when barriers or semi-barriers are down or when the light or acoustic signal prohibits crossing;

	g)	to go on arranged bicycles paths and which are appropriately signalled.

(2) Anyone is prohibited to do trade on the carriageway, on the verge, on the pavement, in parking lots or inside the stops of public transport means for passengers.

Art. 168. - (1) Persons on the public road forming an organized group, a military column or a procession must drive in a formation of not more than three files, on the

right side of the carriageway, in their direction, occupying not more than a lane.

(2) As of nightfall and until dawn, as well as in daytime, under reduced visibility conditions, persons who are in front and at the back of the line to the centre line of the

road must have a source of white, respectively red light, which must be visible for the other road users. Persons forming the line to the centre line of the road must

have fluorescent-reflective elements on clothes.

(3) Drivers of organized groups, military columns or processions are required to permanently monitor their presence on public roads, without obstructing the traffic of

vehicles.

(4) Persons forming a military column are prohibited to go at pace when crossing bridges.

	Section 5

	Highway traffic

Art. 169. - (1) Drivers of cars entering highways by using the entry (acceleration) lane must give way to cars running on the first lane of the highway and in no way

must they obstruct their traffic.

(2) Drivers of vehicles which are to leave the highway are required to signal in due time and to position themselves on the exit (deceleration) lane.

Art. 170. - Traffic of motor vehicles intended for public transport of passengers or of goods takes place on the lane on the right side of the highway, except for cases

of overtaking or when the existing road signalling institutes another regulation to use the lanes.

	CHAPTER VI

	Traffic of motor vehicles with excess weight and/or size or which are transporting hazardous goods or products

§ 1. Traffic of motor vehicles with excess weight and/or size 

Art. 171. - The motor vehicle or the vehicle combination which, by design or due to the transported cargo, exceeds the total weight of 80 tonnes and/or the length of

40 m or the width of 5 m or the height of 5 m may run on the public road only based on a special authorization issued by the administrator thereof and with the

approval of the traffic police.

Art. 172. - (1) In traffic on public roads, the motor vehicle or the vehicle combination which, with or without a cargo, are between 3.2 m and 4.5 m wide or more

than 25 m long must be preceded by an accompanying vehicle, whereas those which are wider than 4.5 m or longer than 30 m must be accompanied by two motor

vehicles driving one in front and the other behind the vehicle.

(2) On highways, the motor vehicle which, with or without a cargo, exceeds the 3.2 m width must be followed by an accompanying vehicle.

(3) The accompanying vehicle must be equipped with a yellow-light special warning device and must have, depending on the place occupied when accompanied, on

the left front or back part, the reflecting identification tag, having a white background and a red border.

(4) Drivers of the motor vehicles with excess weight and/or size, as well as drivers of accompanying vehicles are required to have and keep operational the yellow-

light special warning device, referred to in art. 32 par. (1) let. c) of Emergency Ordinance no. 195/2002, republished, as amended and completed, during the entire

presence on the public road.

Art. 173. - Traffic of motor vehicles with excess weight and/or size is prohibited:

	a)	on road sectors where there are signs prohibiting, restricting or limiting their access, if the vehicle or vehicle combination reaches or exceeds the

	width, height, length or weight on axles or the total maximum authorized weight;

	b)	when the visibility is reduced or the carriageway is covered in frost, ice or snow.

§ 2. Transport of hazardous goods or products 

Art. 174. - (1) Hazardous goods or products are transported only if the following requirements are met:

	a)	the vehicle complies with the technical and covenant conditions laid down in the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of

	Dangerous Goods by Road (hereinafter A.D.R.), signed in Geneva on September 30, 1957, to which Romania adhered by Law no. 31/1994;

	b)	the vehicle has the necessary equipment prescribed by the regulations in force;

	c)	the driver of the vehicle holds the appropriate A.D.R. certificate.

(2) The public road administrator establishes, with the approval of the traffic police, the routes prohibited to vehicles carrying hazardous goods or products, indicating

deviation or alternative routes and the appropriate signalling.

Art. 175. - (1) The driver of the vehicle carrying hazardous goods or products must hold the transport documents provided by law, know the norms referring to

cargo transport and handling, and may be accompanied by persons knowing well their particulars.

(2) Only crew members may be present in the cabin of the motor vehicle transporting hazardous goods or products.

(3) If due to package deterioration or to other causes the hazardous goods or products are spread on the road, the driver is required to stop immediately, to take

measures and warn the other drivers running on the public road and the persons around, to signal the danger with the means at hand and no notify the road

administrator or the closest police unit.

Art. 176. - The driver of vehicles transporting hazardous goods or products is prohibited:

	a)	to cause shocks to the running vehicle;

	b)	to smoke during driving or to lit a fire when stopping or waiting, less than 50 m away from the motor vehicle;

	c)	to leave the vehicle and the cargo unattended by him, the accompanying colleague or by any other qualified person;

	d)	to tow a vehicle which suffered a puncture;

	e)	to follow other routes or to stop in other places than those fixed, as well as on the carriageway of the road at night;

	f)	to transport other cargoes which, by nature, might increase danger;

	g)	to allow the presence in the vehicle of other persons, except for the other driver, the accompanying colleagues or the persons loading and unloading

	the transported goods or products;

	h)	to enter road sectors where he is prohibited access;

	i)	to keep in the vehicle fuel reserves in packages which are not especially made in this respect.

	CHAPTER VII

	Civil penalties and technical and administrative measures

	SECTION 1

	Finding civil penalties and levy of civil sanctions

Art. 177. - (1) Traffic police officers within the Romanian Police shall guide, supervise, control compliance with the norms regarding traffic on public roads and take

the legal measures when they find breaches thereof.

(2) Traffic police officers are specialized police officers and agents specifically appointed by decision of the general inspector of the General Division of the Romanian

Police.

Art. 178. - (1) In Romania's border checkpoints, border police officers also have the duty to apply sanctions when they find civil penalties with respect to traffic on

public roads.

(2) The minutes ascertaining the civil violation shall be sent no later than one working day as of being drafted, to the traffic police department within whose range the

deed was committed.

Art. 179. - (1) The traffic police or the border police in border checkpoints may act jointly together with the representative of other authorities having relevant duties

to prevent and find infringements of the norms regarding safety on public roads by all road users.

(2) The traffic policeman or the border police officer in border checkpoints acting in a mixed team mainly has the following duties:

	a)	to stop vehicles for control and to check documents drivers must have with them;

	b)	to find and apply sanctions in case of civil penalties under their jurisdiction.

(3) The representative of the authorities referred to in par. (1) in a mixed team has the following main duties:

	a)	to act jointly with the traffic police officers or with the border police officers, for the compliance by drivers of vehicles or by operators of the norms

	regarding public road transport in Romania;

	b)	to carry out control activities concerning the conditions of road transports, as well as to check the technical state of vehicles, as per their jurisdiction;

	c)	to find and apply sanctions in the case of civil penalties under their jurisdiction.

(4) When finding in traffic a vehicle with technical flaws at the steering gear, at the breaking system, a vehicle emitting polluting noxious fumes or noises over the

legally admitted limits or that are driving without an appropriate adjustment of their lights, the representative of the competent authorities mentions these in a technical

note attached to the findings minutes concluded by the traffic policeman.

Art. 180. - (1) Where infringement of traffic rules is found, the findings agent executes civil penalties minutes, as per the template shown in annex no. 1A, which must

include: the date, hour and place where the minutes are drafted; the professional rank, the name and surname of the findings agent, the unit; the name, surname, the

personal identification number, the domicile or residence of the offender, the number and series of the identity papers or, in case of foreign nationals, of stateless

persons or of Romanian nationals domiciled abroad, the series and the number of the passport or of any other border crossing document, the date of issue and the

issuing state; the description of the civil violation, indicating the date, hour and place where it was committed, as well as all the circumstances which might serve to

assess the gravity of the deed and the potential damages; indicate the normative act establishing and sanctioning the civil violation; the number of points-fine applied

and their value, the possibility to pay by the individual, no later than two working days, half of the minimum fine laid down in the normative act, the additional civil

sanction applied and/or the technical and administrative measure ordered; indicate the insurance company, in case the deed resulted in an accident which caused only

material damages; the term to challenge the minutes, the signature of the findings agent and the police unit where to file the claim.

(2) Where the offender refuses to or cannot sign the minutes, the findings agent shall make a note on these circumstances, which must be confirmed by a witness. In

this case, the minutes shall include the name, surname, the personal identification number and the signature of the witness.

(3) When the offender was sanctioned by a fine, together with the copy of the minutes (copy no. 2), he shall be also informed of the payment notification, referring to

the obligation to the fine to the competent authorities, as per the legislation in force, within 15 days as of notification, otherwise forced execution will be initiated.

(4) Where the offender is a legal entity, the minutes shall refer to the company name, headquarters, sole registration number thereof, as well as to the name, surname,

the number and series of the identity papers, the personal identification number and the domicile or residence of the represented person.

(5) On concluding the minutes, the findings agent is required to inform the offender of the right to object to its content. Objections must be made distinctly in the

minutes under column "Other specifications", under the sanction of the voidance of the minutes.

(6) Where for the deed committed as technical and administrative measure it is ordered the retention of the driving licence and/or of the registration certificate or of

the registration number plates, together with the findings minutes of the civil violation the findings agent shall issue a replacement proof with or without the right to

drive, if applicable, whose template is laid down in annex no. 1B.

(7) When driving licences are withdrawn because the titleholder was declared misfit to drive motor vehicles or trams, a replacement proof without the right to drive

shall be issued.

(8) Where, via the same minutes finding the civil violation several technical and administrative measures are ordered, the findings agent shall issue for each document

or set of plates a replacement proof.

(9) For vehicles involved in accidents resulting in material damages, the traffic police shall issue to the owners or holders an authorization of repairs, whose template is

laid down in annex no. 1C, except for an amicable findings of the accident whose validity was attested by the relevant insurance company, according to the law, in

which case repairs may be executed based on this attestation.

Art. 181. - (1) Where the deed was found with the aid of a certified technical means or of a technical means subject to certification and metrological inspection, the

traffic policeman concludes the minutes finding the civil violation, as per the template in annex no. 1D, after processing the entries and establishing the identity of the

driver of vehicles.

(2) The identification data of the offender entered in the minutes finding the civil violation are those communicated in writing under the signature of the owner or legal

holder of the vehicle.

Art. 182. - (1) Stopping vehicles on public roads is made by executing the legal signals by the traffic policeman or, if applicable, by the border police officer, when

finding breaches of the traffic rules or when there are grounded indications to the commitment of a civil penalty or of a criminal deed, to identify persons who

committed such deeds and the pursued goods, as well as to check whether drivers hold the documents provided by law. Stopping vehicles on public roads is also

made in case of natural catastrophes and disasters or of other cases which endanger traffic safety.

(2) Vehicles are generally stopped outside the carriageway, and where there are no such conditions, as close as possible to the right margin of the road, on the verge

or near the kerb or in parking lots, and at night, especially in lighted places.

(3) It is prohibited to immobilise the vehicle on the carriageway further to the stop signal made by the police officer in areas where visibility is reduced below 50 m.

Art. 183. - The driver stopped at the legal signal of the traffic police officer or, if applicable, of the border police officer is required to stay in the vehicle, hands on

the steering wheel, and the other passengers must not open the doors, observing the indications of the police officer.

Art. 184. - (1) Where the driver of motor vehicles or trams, stopped in traffic for infringement of traffic rules, has no identity papers with him nor the driving licence,

the traffic policeman must lead him to the closest police unit to establish his identity and to check in the files the status of the driving licence, when there is no

possibility to check this on the spot.

(2) Where the driver has only the driving licence, the findings agent must check in the files if the domicile or, if applicable, residence entered in the document

corresponds to that in the National Register of Personal Records.

(3) The findings agent is required to write, in the minutes finding the violation, the domicile or, if applicable, the residence of the offender from the identity papers, and

in case he does not have the document on him, the domicile or residence shall be entered only after being checked with the National Register of Personal Records.

(4) The procedure under par. (2) and (3) shall also apply when the domicile or, if applicable, the residence or headquarters of the owner referred to in the registration

certificate does not correspond with the data in the records of vehicles.

Art. 185. - (1) Finding the violation consisting in driving a motor vehicle or tram by a person under the influence of alcohol is made by testing the air exhaled by the

latter by a certified technical means or by a technical means subject to certification and metrological inspection.

(2) Drivers of motor vehicles or trams shall be taken biological samples in order to establish the alcohol content when:

	a)	the test result shows a content of pure alcohol of more than 0.40 mg/l in the exhaled air;

	b)	a vehicle carrying hazardous goods or products is involved in the event.

(3) Drivers of vehicles shall be taken biological samples when the preliminary test result with the aid of certain certified technical means indicates the presence in the

body of narcotic substances or products or of medicine with similar effects.

Art. 186. - In case of car accidents resulting only in material damages, drivers are required to be subject to the test of the exhaled air in order to establish the alcohol

content or the consumption of narcotic substances or products or of medicine with similar effects. If the test result shows a content of pure alcohol of more than 0.40

mg/l in the exhaled air or indicates the presence in the body of narcotic substances or products or of medicine with similar effects, drivers are required to be subject

to biological testing.

Art. 187. - Drivers of vehicles or animals involved in accidents resulting in the death or body injury of one or several persons are required to be subject to biological

samples in order to determine the alcohol content or, if applicable, the consumption of narcotic substances or products or of medicine with similar effects.

Art. 188. - In all cases where biological samples are taken to establish the alcohol content or presence in the body of narcotic substances or products or of medicine

with similar effects clinical examinations is also mandatory.

	Section 2

	Technical and administrative measures

§ 1. Retention or withdrawal of the driving licence 

Art. 189. - (1) The traffic policeman is required that, when checking the documents of a driver of motor vehicles or trams, to monitor the correspondence between

the data in the identity papers and those in the driving licence. In the case of discrepancies referring to the name, surname, domicile or residence, as well as in case

the validity term expired, the traffic policeman is required to retain the driving licence and to issue a replacement proof thereof with the right to drive for 15 days.

(2) Where the driver of motor vehicles or trams has on him only the driving licence, the traffic policeman shall make the checks referred to in art. 184 par. (2). In

case the data do not correspond, the traffic policeman shall proceed according to par. (1).

(3) The driving licence retained according to par. (1) or (2) shall be sent, together with the retention report, to the competent authorities which issued it.

Art. 190. - (1) In the cases provided by law, when finding the deed, the traffic policeman or, if applicable, the border police officer, shall retain driving licence,

issuing a replacement proof with or without the right to drive, if applicable.

(2) Driving licences retained as per par. (1), together with a retention report, whose template is shown in annex no. 1E, shall be sent no later than the first working

day following that when the replacement proof was issued to the traffic police department within whose jurisdiction the deed was committed, which is required to

immediately make the appropriate notes in the records of drivers of motor vehicles and trams.

(3) The retention report, as well as the documents or registration number plates retained of a driver holding a driving licence or a registration certificate issued by a

foreign authority shall be sent to the traffic police within the General Division of the Romanian Police to be sent to the issuing authorities.

Art. 191. - (1) Where the offender committed the deed within the jurisdiction of another county than that in records, the driving licence shall be kept by the traffic

police department within whose territory the civil violation was found, until the head of the division decided on the additional civil sanction, but not more than 15 days

as of retention, afterwards sending it to the traffic police department of the county of records.

(2) Driving licences shall be kept by the traffic police department in the county where the titleholder is recorded, until return or, if applicable, until cancellation of the

document.

Art. 192. - (1) The driver of motor vehicles or trams, tested with certified technical means or with technical means subject to certification and metrological inspection,

shall be retained the driving licence if the content of pure alcohol is not more than 0.40 mg/l in the exhaled air, being issued a replacement proof without the right to

drive, if he does not wish to be taken biological samples to determine the alcohol content, according to art. 194 par. (1).

(2) When the driver of the vehicle request biological tests to establish the alcohol content, this shall be accompanied by the traffic policeman to the closest authorized

medical institution or forensic institution, and after sampling he shall be issued a replacement proof with the right to drive for not more than 15 days, whose validity

becomes effective within 24 hours as of the second biological testing.

Art. 193. - (1) The driver of motor vehicles or trams must be accompanied by the traffic policeman or, if applicable, by the border police officer, immediately, to the

closest authorized medical institution or forensic institution to be tested for biological samples in order to determine the alcohol content, if by testing with certified

technical means or with technical means subject to certification and metrological inspection it was found that the alcohol content exceeds 0.40 mg/l pure alcohol in the

exhaled air.

(2) After taking the biological samples, the traffic policeman shall retain the driving licence and shall issue the replacement proof without the right to drive.

(3) When the driver of motor vehicles or trams does not have with him the identity papers nor the driving licence, the traffic policeman is required, before taking him

to the closest authorized medical institution or forensic institution, to check the records to establish his identity and the status of the driving licence.

(4) Where the driver of motor vehicles or trams does not have the driving licence, the traffic policeman will inform him by written notification to be handed over

immediately, that he is no longer entitled to drive motor vehicles or trams until completion of the criminal file, as well as the obligation to hand over the driving licence

to the traffic police department within whose jurisdiction the deed was committed.

Art. 194. - (1) To determine the alcohol content, two biological samples shall be taken at a one hour interval in between. In case of refusal to take the second

biological samples, the retroactive computation of the alcohol content shall not be made.

(2) Refusal of the tested person to take the second biological samples shall be entered in the testing minutes.

Art. 195. - The driver of motor vehicles or trams, subject to a preliminary test with the aid of certified technical means which showed the presence in the body of

narcotic substances or products or of medicine with similar effects, shall fall within the procedure under art. 192.

Art. 196. - (1) The driver of motor vehicles or trams, found in traffic breaching a traffic rule which is punished by an additional civil sanction consisting in the

suspension of the right to drive and who produces on control the replacement proof of the driving licence retained for a deed previously committed, within the validity

term, shall be retained the produced proof and shall be issued a new proof, whose validity cannot exceed the validity term of the first proof.

(2) If the second deed is one of those referred to in art. 102 of Emergency Ordinance no. 195/2002, republished, as amended and completed, the traffic policeman

shall issue to the licence titleholder a replacement proof without the right to drive.

(3) The replacement proof of the driving licence, retained as per par. (1), shall be sent to the traffic police department of the county where the offender is on records,

together with the retention report.

Art. 197. - (1) The driving licence of a person declared medically unfit by an authorized medical institution shall be retained by the traffic police department within

whose jurisdiction the family doctor has on records the person in question.

(2) The head of the traffic police department shall order withdrawal of the driving licence and shall keep it at the unit until the end of the causes which led to

withdrawal. Where the of motor vehicles or trams has the domicile or residence in another county, the head of the traffic police department who ordered the technical

and administrative measure shall send the driving licence to the traffic police department in the county of records, together with a withdrawal report.

§ 2. Retention or withdrawal of the registration certificate and of the registration number plates 

Art. 198. - (1) In the cases provided by law, when the deed is committed, the traffic policeman or, if applicable, the border police officer shall retain the registration

certificate or the registration number plates, issuing a replacement proof with or without the right to drive, if applicable.

(2) Documents or the registration number plates retained according to par. (1), together with the retention report, shall be sent, no later than the first working day

following that when the replacement proof was issued, to the traffic police department within whose jurisdiction the deed was committed, which is required to

immediately make the appropriate notes in the records of vehicles.

(3) The registration certificate or registration number plates, issued by a local public administration authority, retained according to the law, shall be sent together with

the retention report to the issuing authority.

(4) The retention report, as well as the documents or registration number plates, issued by a foreign authority, retained according to the law, shall be sent to the traffic

police within the General Division of the Romanian Police to be remitted to the issuing authorities.

Art. 199. - (1) When the traffic policeman or the border police officer finds that the motor vehicle is run by the owner or by the legal holder and the data referring to

the name, surname, domicile or residence entered in the registration certificate do not coincide with this in the identity document, the findings agent shall retain the

registration certificate, issuing to the titleholder a replacement proof with the right to drive for 15 days.

(2) The registration certificate shall be sent to the competent authorities which issued it together with the retention report.

Art. 200. - (1) Where the law provides the levy of the technical-administrative measure to withdraw the registration number plates, the driver is required to dismantle

and hand over the plates to the findings agent who ordered the measure.

(2) When the driver of the vehicle refuses to hand over the plates, the findings agent shall dismantle the registration number plates himself, in the presence of an

assisting witness, mentioning this in the minutes finding the civil violation.

Art. 201. - When the vehicle is registered in another county than that where the deed was found, the registration certificate and the registration number plates shall be

sent, after expiry of the term prescribed by law to file a claim against the minutes finding the civil violation, to the traffic police department in the county where the

vehicle is on records.

Art. 202. - (1) The registration certificate, as well as the registration number plates shall be returned by the traffic police department that keeps them to the owner or

user of the vehicle, when producing the proof about the end of the reasons which triggered the technical and administrative measure.

(2) In case of filing a complaint against the minutes finding the civil violation, the replacement proof of the registration certificate shall include the note that the vehicle is

entitled to be driven for 30 days, with the possibility to extend the right to drive, and the registration number plates shall be returned by the traffic police based on

presidential ordinance issued by the court vested with the settlement of the matter or of the final court order.

§ 3. Cancellation of the driving licence 

Art. 203. - (1) Cancellation of the driving licence, in the cases referred to in art. 114 par. (1) of Emergency Ordinance no. 195/2002, republished, as amended and

completed, shall be ordered:

	a)	by the head of the traffic police department within whose jurisdiction the deed was committed, based on a final court order, by a Romanian court;

	b)	by the head of the traffic police within the General Division of the Romanian Police, based on a final court order, rules by a foreign competent

	authority, for a criminal offence committed by the titleholder on the territory of the state in question, if for the committed deed the Romanian legislation

	provides this measure.

(2) Cancellation of the driving licence of the deceased person shall be ordered by the head of the traffic police department within whose jurisdiction the titleholder

was domiciled, provided the existence of a notification from a competent authority or of a death certificate.

(3) The measure to cancel the driving licence shall be notified no later than 5 working days to the titleholder of the driving licence, to his domicile, for the cases

referred to in par. (1).

(4) Within the term laid down in par. (3), the driving licence shall be sent by the traffic police department which ordered the cancellation to the competent authorities

which issued it, in order to be kept on records.

	Section 3

	Additional civil penalties 

§ 1. Application of penalty points 

Art. 204. - (1) When for the deed committed the law also provide the application of penalty points, the findings agent is required to write them in the minutes finding

the civil violation.

(2) The minutes finding the civil violation shall be sent, no later than two working days as of being drafted, to the traffic police department within whose jurisdiction

the deed was committed.

Art. 205. - Penalty points shall be entered in the records of drivers of motor vehicles or trams by the traffic police department within whose jurisdiction the deed was

found.

Art. 206. - When the competent court ordered by final and binding order the cancellation of the minutes finding the civil violation, the traffic police department within

whose jurisdiction the deed was committed shall cross off from records the penalty points applied.

Art. 207. - When a leader of motor vehicles, holder of a driving licence issued by a foreign authority, commits a deed for which the law also provides the application

of penalty points, the minutes finding the civil violation shall be sent to the traffic police within the General Division of the Romanian Police, to inform the authority of

the state which issued the driving licence.

Art. 208. - The titleholder of the driving licence, on request, is entitled to obtain, personally, at the location of the traffic police in the county of records, information

with respect to the number of penalty points which were applied.

§ 2. Suspension of the right to drive motor vehicles or trams 

Art. 209. - (1) On accumulation of at least 15 penalty points, the traffic police department of the county where the driver is recorded shall notify the latter, in writing,

within 10 days as of entering in the records the last penalty points, the additional civil sanction of the suspension of the right to drive, as well as the obligation to come

to the traffic police premises, no later than 5 days as of the receipt of the written notification, to hand over the driving licence.

(2) The titleholder of the driving licence shall be entitled to drive as of accumulation of the 15 penalty points and until expiry of the term when he was under the

obligation to hand over the driving licence or, if applicable, until handing over the driving licence.

(3) Suspension of the right to drive motor vehicles shall take effect as of the day following that when the driving licence was handed over or, if applicable, when the

delivery term expired.

(4) In case the titleholder of the driving licence does not come to the police within the term laid down in par. (1), the suspension period of the right to drive motor

vehicles shall be increased, de iure, by 30 days.

(5) Where the titleholder of the driving licence proves the impossibility to go to the police within 5 days as of receipt of the written notification, the suspension period

of the right to drive vehicles ordered according to par. (4) shall be cancelled.

Art. 210. - (1) Where the driver commits a deed for which, according to the law, the driving licence is retained in view of the suspension of the right to drive, being

issued a replacement proof with the right to drive, the additional civil sanction shall become effective as of the day following that when the validity of the proof

expired.

(2) When the replacement proof of the driving licence is issued without the right to drive, suspension of the right to drive shall take effect as of levy of the additional

civil sanction via the minutes finding the civil violation.

Art. 211. - Where the titleholder of the driving licence is prohibited to take a title of profession related to the right to drive motor vehicles or trams, as per art. 112

let. c) of the Criminal Code, republished, as amended and completed, the head of the traffic police department operating on the jurisdiction territory of the authority

which took the safety measure shall order suspension of the right to drive motor vehicles or trams for the duration of the safety measure.

Art. 212. - (1) Driving licences issued by a foreign authority, retained further to the titleholder breaching the traffic rules for which the law provides the suspension of

the right to drive and for which a replacement proof with the right to drive was issued, together with a copy of the minutes finding the civil violation shall be sent to the

traffic police within the General Division of the Romanian Police, no later than 15 days as of the application of the additional civil sanction.

(2) When the replacement proof is issued without the right to drive, the driving licence and the copy of the minutes finding the civil violation shall be sent to the police

unit referred to in par. (1) no later than a working day as of when the deed was found.

(3) Until lapse of the term laid down in par. (1), the titleholder of the driving licence issued by a foreign authority may request that, until expiry of the suspension

period of the right to drive, the document is kept by the traffic police department within whose jurisdiction the deed was committed, without being returned to the

former. The titleholder of the driving licence shall be informed of this possibility together with the notification of the suspension of the right to drive.

Art. 213. - (1) Suspension of the right to drive shall be ordered by the traffic police within the General Division of the Romanian Police and where the titleholder of

the driving licence issued by the competent authorities in Romania committed a deed on the territory of a different state, and the authority of that state ordered, by

decision, such measure.

(2) Suspension of the right to drive shall apply on Romanian territory only if the Romanian traffic regulations prescribe such measure for the committed deed.

(3) The suspension period of the right to drive on Romanian territory cannot be for a longer period than that provided by the Romanian traffic legislation for a similar

deed.

(4) To determine the suspension period of the right to drive, the authorities shall take into consideration the period when the titleholder of the driving licence was not

entitled to drive in the state which issued such decision.

Art. 214. - (1) In case of two or civil penalties which trigger suspension of the right to drive as well, found in the same minutes, the suspension period is computed by

adding up the periods provided for each deed, but it must not exceed 90 days.

(2) When a person who was retained the driving licence for a deed with suspension of the right to drive commits, in the period allowed to drive, a new civil violation

for which the suspension of the right to drive is ordered, distinct suspension periods shall apply for each civil violation.

§ 3. Seize of goods 

Art. 215. - (1) Special warning light and sound means, as well as devices interfering with the operation of technical means for traffic surveillance seized, according to

the law, shall be handed over to the traffic police department within whose jurisdiction the deed was found.

(2) The seized registration number plates according to the law shall be handed over to the traffic police department within whose jurisdiction the deed was found to

be sent to the competent authorities who issued them.

(3) Animal-driven vehicles seized according to the law shall be handed over to the authorities of the local public administration, based on minutes, in order to send

them for sale, according to Government Ordinance no. 128/1998 regulating the method and conditions of the sale of goods which were seized or which entered into

the private property of the state, according to the law, approved with amendments and completions by Law no. 98/1999, republished.

§ 4. Immobilization of vehicles 

Art. 216. - (1) Immobilization of a vehicle shall be ordered and carried out by the traffic police, under the terms and conditions provided by law.

(2) Immobilization shall take place in the presence of an assisting witness, by using, inside or outside the vehicle, certain technical devices or other blocking means,

entered in the minutes of finding the deed for which the measure was ordered.

(3) In the absence of an assisting witness, the traffic policeman shall state the reasons which led to the conclusion of the minutes in this manner.

(4) Immobilization of a vehicle is prohibited in all places where stopping or waiting is prohibited.

Art. 217. - (1) When immobilization of a vehicle carrying hazardous goods or substances is ordered according to the law, the traffic policeman is required to

immediately notify the relevant police unit to decide the final destination for parking the motor vehicle, together with the units of the General Division for Emergency

Situations.

(2) Immobilization of a vehicle transporting hazardous goods or products or with excess size and/or weight shall be ordered by the traffic police, as per the conditions

established together with the representatives of the relevant authority.

Art. 218. - Revocation of immobilization shall be ordered:

	a)	by the traffic policeman who ordered immobilization, if present, and the reasons underlying the order ceased;

	b)	by the head of the traffic police department where the findings agent works, if the reasons underlying the measure ceased;

	c)	by the prosecutor or court, when the vehicle was subject to a criminal offence.

	Section 4

	Return of the driving licence and reduction of the suspension period of the right to drive

Art. 219. - (1) Return of the driving licence shall be ordered by the head of the traffic police department of records, at the request of the titleholder, in the following

cases:

	a)	upon expiry of the suspension term, when the sanction was applied for accumulation of points;

	b)	upon expiry of the suspension term, when the sanction was applied further to committing a civil penalty sanctioned by law with suspension of the right

	to drive for 30, 60 or 90 days or, if applicable, it was increased by 30 days, if the titleholder took the traffic rules test;

	c)	based on the forensic certificate confirming that the medical illnesses which resulted in declaring that person medically unfit ceased.

(2) Return of the driving licence shall be ordered by the head of the traffic police department within whose jurisdiction the deed was committed, at the request of the

titleholder, based on the resolution or, if applicable, of the prosecutor's ordinance ordering not to initiate criminal prosecution, removal or end of criminal prosecution,

based on the final court order ruling the defendant's acquittal or cancelling the minutes finding the civil violation or further to the termination of the safety measure

referred to in art. 112 let. c) of the Criminal Code, republished, as amended and completed.

(3) The traffic police department of records shall test the knowledge of traffic rules by the offender, in case the sanction was applied further to committing a civil

penalty sanctioned by law with suspension of the right to drive for 30, 60 or 90 days or, if applicable, increased by 30 days.

(4) The test of traffic rules knowledge consists in filling in a grid test with 15 questions of the traffic legislation. The person who gave the correct answer to at least 13

questions is declared admitted.

(5) The offender is required to take the traffic rules test during the execution of the additional civil sanction of the suspension of the right to drive, on the days

established weekly by the traffic police department.

(6) The provisions of par. (1)-(5) shall also apply to the titleholder of a Romanian driving licence for which, according to the law, the additional civil sanction of the

suspension of the right to drive was applied by a foreign competent authority, further to committing on the territory of that state of a deed for which this sanction

applies.

Art. 220. - (1) The titleholder of the driving licence issued by a foreign authority, against whom suspension of the right to drive was ordered, may request the head of

the traffic police within whose jurisdiction the deed was found the return of the document, before expiry of the suspension period, no later than a working day after

leaving the Romanian territory.

(2) In case of the return of the driving licence according to par. (1), the head of the traffic police within the General Division of the Romanian Police shall notify the

applied sanction to the foreign authority who issued the document.

Art. 221. - (1) The suspension period of the right to drive shall be reduced to 30 days, at the request of the titleholder, if the following requirements are met:

	a)	he was declared admitted to the traffic rules test;

	b)	he obtained the driving licence at least one year before the deed;

	c)	in the past 3 years after committing the deed for which reduction of the suspension period of the right to drive is requested he did not benefit from

	such measure;

	d)	in the past 2 years after finding the civil violation for which the additional civil sanction applies he was not suspended the right to drive motor vehicles

	or trams.

(2) Drivers of motor vehicles or trams shall not benefit from reduction of the suspension period of the right to drive, if:

	a)	the suspension period was extended, according to the law;

	b)	he accumulated, again, at least 15 penalty points in the following 12 months after expiry of the last suspension of the right to drive;

	c)	he was involved in a car accident resulting only in material damages, and the test result of the exhaled air or of biological samples showed that he was

	driving the vehicle under the influence of alcohol;

	d)	the additional civil sanction was order further to failure to stop at a railroad level crossing when barriers or semi-barriers are down or going down or

	when the red-light and/or sound signals are on.

	CHAPTER VIII

	Transitory and final provisions

Art. 222. - On changing driving licences issued prior to 1 December 1995 with the new ones, the old and new categories shall have the following equivalence as

follows:

	a)	category G with A category;

	b)	A category with A category;

	c)	B category with B category;

	d)	C category with C category;

	e)	D category with D category;

	f)	categories C, E and/or C + E with C category;

	g)	categories B, C, E and/or B + E and C + E with categories BE and CE;

	h)	categories C, D, E and/or C + E and D + E with categories CE and DE;

	i)	categories B, C, D, E and/or B + E, C + E and D + E with categories BE, CE and DE;

	j)	category F with Tr category;

	k)	category H with category Tb;

	l)	category I with category Tv.

Art. 223. - (1) The traffic police shall ensure escort of official columns with specialized teams as per their competence.

(2) The traffic police teams shall accompany Romanian dignitaries or foreign officials with similar titles, as follows:

	a)	the president of Romania;

	b)	the president of Senate;

	c)	the president of the Chamber of Deputies;

	d)	the Prime Minister.

(3) In exceptional cases requiring emergency travel, the traffic police teams may also accompany ministers of the Romanian Government or their foreign counterparts

on official visit to Romania, as well as the heads of diplomatic missions accredited in Romania, upon presenting their letters of appointment.

(4) Candidates to presidency shall also be accompanied by the police during the campaign after validation of candidacy, only in towns with electoral activities.

(5) The traffic police teams shall accompany the former presidents of Romania, according to the law.

(6) Competitions organized on public roads, authorized according to the law, involving traffic restrictions on certain sectors, as well as oversized or special transports

shall be escorted only with the approval of the General Division of the Romanian Police, function of availability, for consideration, as per the fees laid down in the

legal norms.

Art. 224. - (1) In primary and secondary schools, the staff teaching traffic lessons shall be supported and guided by traffic police officers.

(2) Competitions organized in schools on traffic issues shall be coordinated by the traffic police department in the county where the school is located.

Art. 225. - Annexes no. 1A-1E shall be an integral part of the Regulation herein.